Homeliness, Siv
Lub cuab yeej ntawm tej hauj lwm los ntawm lub "slurry phab ntsa"
Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tsam chaw ntau muaj yog ib tug ib txwm mus rau ib tug ntau muaj kuab siv ntawm qhov chaw thiab foob siv. Tej xwm txheej no kuv sau cov kev siv tuam txhab uas muag rau tej yam tej yam kev mob. Nyob rau saum npoo, tsawg tseem tsis muaj qhov chaw, uas forces developers mus rau chaw uasi rau qhov kev siv ntawm underground chaw. Ntawm lwm yam, muaj ib co khoom uas muaj ntau muaj kuab los tsim kom tau underground. Cov no muaj xws loj warehouses, khw malls, raws li zoo raws li garages. Tab sis lub underground siv yog ib tug ncaj lub sij hawm-siv, uas muab rau ib tug tej tus nqi ntawm kev kawm txawj thiab cov khoom uas tsimnyog siv rau kev tsim kho tuam txhab uas muag.
Tshuaj ntawm qhov teeb meem piav los saum no tej zaum yuav nyuab los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias cov av yog heev ua kev, nws yuav ua tau ntawm kev sib txawv loj kab noj hniav, cov dej hauv av khiav. Tej zaum thaum coj cov chaw uas zoo heev rau txoj kev loj hlob hloov tawm hais tias lub pob zeb yog haum tsis muaj zog. Nws tshwm sim hais tias lub underground ntau yog tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm engineering systems, uas yog tsis mapped. Nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm ntau heev nws yog tsim nyog los zuaj, raws li cov me nyuam yaus ntawm nyob ib sab vaj tse nyob heev nyob ze rau qhov siv qhov chaw, thiab cov phab ntsa hauv high-sawv vaj tse tsis pub rau tag nrho tig sub cranes.
Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm underground lug
Nyob rau dab tsi lub hydrogeological yam ntxwv ntawm lub teb thiab yuav ua li cas sib sib zog nqus yuav nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev, Underground siv cov kev faib yuav ua tau ib qho ntawm ob peb txoj kev. Feem ntau yog suav hais tias "slurry phab ntsa" method ntawm caisson thiab qhib txoj kev. Tus thawj technology nyob rau hauv hnub no lub neej yog haum ntau, thiab tseem tseem mus nce chaw vim hais tias nws yuav pab tau kom daws tau qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv crowded tej yam kev mob tsis muaj looj koov cov me nyuam yaus ntawm vaj tse nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam.
technology hauv paus ntsiab lus
Diaphragm phab ntsa yog ua rau ib tug yooj yim haum hauv paus ntsiab lus, uas yuav muab rau qhov kev npaj ntawm cov trench thiab excavation. Ntxiv mus, lub tsim muaj kab noj hniav yuav ua tau lub tsev walling, qhov no yog feem ntau yog siv pob zeb. nruab nrog hauv cov qauv, xws li ib tug hauv pem teb thiab lwm yam ntsiab nyob rau hauv cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub tshuab tau.
ntau ntau yam txoj kev
Technology "slurry phab ntsa" yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob peb subtypes, xws li: trench thiab pawg. Tus thawj yog siv cov kev reinforced thiab ua kev reinforced seem, los ntawm kev uas yog tsim nyob rau ib zaug xwb phab ntsa. Pawg txoj kev yuav cov installation ntawm bored tug ncej, uas yog nyob rau tom ntej mus rau ib tug khoom. Lawv cia koj mus tsim ib tug khoom walling. Txawm lub tshuab los yog tau muab los siv, nws yog ntau pheej piv rau lwm txoj kev ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm underground lug. Nws yog ib advisable mus siv thiab kho ntawm uas twb muaj lawm vaj tse ntawm tej hom phiaj.
kheej ntawm daim ntawv thov
Diaphragm phab ntsa yuav siv tau thaum muaj ib tug xav los tsim kom tau ib tug kab hlau rhuav, ntau, underground garages, warehouses, underground nqe vaj lug kub, tso tsheb hlau luam, tag nrho cov hom ntawm lub taub dej khawb tso tsheb hlau luam, txoj kev junctions, raws li zoo raws li lub hauv paus ntawm cov vaj tse rau txawv hom phiaj.
Lub ntub thiab qhuav txoj kev
Xav lub dag lub zog ntawm cov av thiab nws cov theem av noo builders yuav xaiv ntub los yog qhuav siv txoj kev. Cov yav tas yog tsis yog li ntawd kim, vim hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj yuav tsum tau npaj cov av nkos rau nws. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav resorted tsuas yog thaum muaj kev cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv lub dag lub zog ntawm cov av thiab cov tsis muaj underground ntws. Ntub technology yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov kev siv ntawm loj cov khoom nyob rau hauv tsis ruaj tsis khov xau nyeem. Yog hais tias qhov kev siv yog nrog piav tej yam kev mob, nws yog tej zaum tsim nyog los ntxiv dag zog rau cov phab ntsa hauv lub trench. Thaum kawg ua muaj zog thiab txhim khu kev qha cov chaw.
thixotropy
Thaum hauv slurry phab ntsa technology yuav koom nrog rau kev siv ntawm ib ntub dej txheej txheem, nyob rau hauv uas xws tswvyim yog ib qho tseem ceeb raws li thixotropy. Qhov no tej khoom vaj tse yog xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv cov av nkos, uas muaj peev xwm rov qab nws yeej zoo tsis muaj cov neeg kho tshuab kev nyuaj siab. Nrog rau qhov no ncua kev kawm ntawv yog kom xaiv yuav tau txais lub dag lub zog nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho theem thiab thinning ntawm lub vibrational los. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau rau raug txim lub phab ntsa ntawm lub deformation ntawm lub trench. Qhov siab tshaj plaws tau zoo xam qhovkev thixotropic bentonite txais av ya.
Yog hais tias peb xav txog cov nta ntxiv ntawm cov kev daws, yog tsim nyog them sai sai rau lawv cov dej-repellent zoo. Tom qab hardening lub slurry rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub phab ntsa yuav muaj cuam tshuam los ntawm lub hydrostatic siab, uas txhawb nqa lub tsim ntawm ib tug waterproof zaj duab xis. Nws thickness yuav sib txawv ntawm 1.5 mus 5 hli, uas yog txaus los mus tiv thaiv lug ntawm cov dej. phab ntsa claying CAWM dewatering tsav tsheb daim ntawv pawg. Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov ntau yam zoo ntawm lub piav technology.
siv cov khoom
Mob ntawm tsis tsim nyog txoj kev
Undoubtedly, cov piav technology muaj ntau yam zoo, tab sis nws yog ua tau rau faib ib qhov teeb meem nyob qhov twg txoj kev siv cov qauv no yog tsis tau yus. Siv cov kev faib ntawm lub "slurry phab ntsa" yog tsis tau nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm muaj zog av underground dej tsaws ntxhee, nrog xoob av, thiab thaum twg lub ib nrab-puas masonry rau ntawm qhov chaw. Tsis txhob siv lub tshuab, thaum muaj nws yog xim hlau Islands tuaj, raws li zoo raws li loj tawg tsam ntawm qhob. Thaum cov av muaj voids thiab kab noj hniav, dhau lawm, yuav tsum tsis txhob pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub piav technology.
grout ntaub
Manipulation los tsim impervious yuav kub hnyiab tau yuav suav hais tias raws li tej yam yooj yim li sai tau. Lawv yog nqa tawm siv hnyav thiab nyuaj av nplaum, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv-situ qhob. Sij hawm ntawm yuav kub hnyiab tau yog los tiv thaiv tus kwv los ntawm cov dej. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, cov ntsiab yog siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom dams thiab excavation. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no cov ntaub ntawv, daim ntaub thaiv yog tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov ingress ntawm cov dej mus rau cov kab noj hniav. Cov neeg ua hauj lwm tsis fim cov kev sib tw ntawm tej theem ntawm kev underground dej, uas yog ib tug theej lub sij hawm-siv tus txheej txheem. Yog hais tias cov kev sib piv ntaub nrog step-down units, lub tom kawg yog ib ntus thaum ua hauj lwm yog raws li nram no. Lug nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm huab cua yuav kub hnyiab tau yuav tsis ntshai ntawm cov feem ntau haib flows ntawm av.
tsis zahvatki
Ua ntej lub hauv paus yuav tau ua "phab ntsa nyob rau hauv lub hauv av", koj yuav tsum xam qhov ntev ntawm zahvatki. ib co tseem ceeb, nyob rau hauv lawv yuav nyob ntawm no parameter:
- stability ntawm lub trench;
- tsim nta thiab functionality ntawm cov chaw;
- hom technology, uas yog siv rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub trench;
- lub yees tus nqi ntawm concreting.
Technology ntawm kev ua hauj lwm
Siv cov kev faib ntawm cov phab ntsa nyob rau hauv cov av yuav pib nrog lub drilling ntawm lub qhov dej, tom qab npaj trenches yog ib txhij sau nrog ib tug daws. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yuav tsum yog tus installation ntawm qhov cuab lub zog tawb thiab betonolitnoy yeeb nkab. Concluding manipulation xws li xaav av nkos los ntawm muab lub pob zeb mix los ntawm lub mas tawm cov yeeb nkab. Trenches tej zaum yuav tsim rau nws tag nrho ntev los yog seem los ntawm nqe lus no. Qhov cuab lub zog tawb yog thaum lub plawv ntawm corrugated hlau rods. Cov uas ua system yuav tsum muaj tsawg tshaj 12 centimeters, piv rau lub dav ntawm lub trench. Lub ntsiab yog wetted nrog dej ua ntej lub installation vim hais tias nws thiaj li tus nqi ntawm cov av nkos adhering rau thiab tsub kom lub adhesion rau pob zeb ua.
concreting
Cov kev siv ntawm cov phab ntsa nyob rau hauv lub hauv av yuav concreting, uas yog nqa los ntawm lub rooj noj raj. Cov yav tas muaj ib lub cheeb xws li los ntawm 270 mus rau 300 millimeters, whereas lub phab ntsa thickness yog 10 millimeters. Muab qhov ntim ntawm cov yeeb nkab yog xaiv caj dab thiab wads tej zaum yuav ua los ntawm tsaj.
Limiters zahvatki
Tus ntaus ntawv diaphragm phab ntsa yuav koom nrog lub deepening ntawm cov trench yog 15 meters los yog tsawg dua. Yog li ntawd nws yog tsim nyog los siv ib cov yeeb nkab nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 50 millimeters tsawg tshaj li tus dav ntawm lub trench. Tom qab 5 teev tom qab concreting ntsiab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiab cov kab noj hniav sau nrog ib tug sib tov tau. Yog hais tias qhov tob ntawm lub trench tshaj hais tias parameter, muaj ib tug xav rau lub nres. Nws ua hauj lwm yog ua los ntawm ib tug hlau ntawv, uas yog muaj zog los ntawm lub reinforcing tawb. Lub web yuav kho kom zoo, nws yog welded mus rau lub beam.
kom nyob rau hauv tsim tau
Thaum cov qauv ntawm cov "slurry phab ntsa" yog siv nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub tsev ib tug ncaj loj kwv, thiab qhov ntev zahvatki ntau tshaj 3 meters, tej zaum nws yuav tsim nyog rau pub lub pob zeb mix ntawm loj loj tagnrho. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws ntws los ntawm cov kav dej, thiab rau ntau sai thiab yooj yim installation tshuaj ductility nce plasticizers. Muaj pes tsawg leeg yog poured li ntawd nws saum npoo overlaps tag nrho cov qauv 10 centimeters. Qhov no yuav tsum nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau tom qab tshem tawm cov kab mob txheej ntawm qhob, vim hais tias nws yuav muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov av nplaum. Lub foob yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau ua nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm tshwj xeeb cov khoom, uas yog Consolidated ntawm betonolitnoy yeeb nkab. Yog hais tias nws yog ntev tshaj li 20 meters, nws yog pom zoo kom siv ob tug ntawm cov vibrator.
Cov hlab uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau ntawm tus ciam teb zahvatok yeej ib txwm muab rho tawm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los mus txiav txim rau lub sij hawm ntawm extraction. Yog hais tias qhov no yog ua ib yam nkaus thiab thaum ntxov, lub plhaub npoo tej zaum yuav puas ntsoog. Thaum lig dhau lawm extraction cov yeeb nkab yuav ua daig ntawm pob zeb thiab av. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav cais xws dab yog feem ntau siv es tsis txhob ntawm daim ntawv hlau yeeb nkab, ntawm uas nws tseem tau los ua ib tug check uas tsis yog-tshem jumper. Lawv yuav tsum tau welded mus rau lub qhov cuab lub zog tawb. Yuav kom tiv thaiv deformation ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub trench thiab tu yuav tsum equip pem hauv ntej ncej, uas yog ib tug headroom trenches.
Hais txog av siab
Yog hais tias koj xav paub dab tsi hauv ntiaj teb no siab rau cov phab ntsa thaum tob z, koj siv tau cov nram qab no: Muaj PR = PS + PQ, qhov twg PS - yog cov kev siv ntawm cov sab siab rau cov hoob tob ntawm nws qhov hnyav ntawm av, noj mus rau hauv tus account lub chaw pw txheej, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm dej, raws li zoo raws li zoo clutch; PQ - yog cov kev siv ntawm cov sab siab rau hais tias qhov tob ntawm loads nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Yog hais tias lub project no yog nyob rau hauv qhov tob qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim cov kev pov tseg saum toj no lub ntiaj teb nto, tus nqi yog noj nrog ib tug rho tawm kos npe rau.
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