Leej twg yog Democritus? materialism ntawm Democritus

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias ancient Greece yog tus niam ntawm cov tam sim no cov ntsiab ntawm philosophy thiab lwm yam sciences. Nws yog los ntawm lub teb chaws no tuaj rau peb cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub ancient Greek philosophers thiab zaum txog lub hav zoov uas muaj ntau yam dab uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, xws li puas hlwb.

Aristotle, Plato, Archimedes, Diogenes, Socrates, Democritus, Leucippus, Epicurus thiab ntau lwm tus neeg los ua tus founders ntawm tus poj philosophy ntawm science. Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov tshiab, zoo, los yog tau tawm tsam txoj tswv yim.

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm uas peb yuav tham ntau txog cov uas yog Democritus. Personalities li Aristotle thiab Socrates, feem ntau yuav, paub tias txawm mus rau cov me nyuam. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tsev kawm ntawv keeb kwm qhia cov neeg no tas hais. Tab sis lub npe ntawm Democritus, Epicurus, Leucippus paub nyob rau hauv nqaim voj voog ntawm cov neeg uas tau xaiv lub philosophy ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lawv txoj hauj lwm. Cov lus qhia ntawm no philosophers yog cov ntau ntau nyuab thiab tob to taub.

Leej twg yog Democritus

Democritus (Latin Demokritos.) - Greek philosopher. Nws yug los txog 460 BC thiab nyob rau 360 BC. Lub ntsiab muaj nqis ntawm Democritus - yog atomistic lus qhuab qhia, tus tsim ntawm cov uas nws tau ua.

Cov kos yog hnub yug ntawm cov philosopher, tsis muaj leej twg paub. Tej zaum ntawm lub sij hawm thov hais tias nws tau yug los nyob rau hauv 460 BC. e, lwm yam -. 470 BC. e. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, raws nraim hais tias leej twg yog txoj cai, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, biography Democritean tsis tau piav tag nrho. Muaj ib tug ntau ntawm tsis muaj tseeb tseeb. Txawm li cas los, nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg los tham txog lub keeb kwm ntawm no philosopher los ntawm ib tug neeg uas nplua nuj.

txoj kev ntawm lub neej

Diogenes Laertius dhau lus dab neeg uas cov philosopher kawm tau los ntawm lub Magi thiab cov neeg Tshadees, uas yog tam sim no rau cov Persian huab tais nws txiv. Lus dab neeg muaj nws tias lub txiaj ntsim raug muab tshaj nyob rau hauv ris txiaj rau lub fact tias cov tub rog ntawm Xerxes twb txhawb nqa ib leeg noj hmo thaum dhau los ntawm Thrace - hometown ntawm Democritus.

Democritus heev fond ntawm mus txawv tebchaws. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib tug nplua nuj qub txeeg qub teg twb siv yog hais tias. Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej, Democritus xyuas tsawg kawg yog 4 lub xeev - Tim lyiv teb chaws, Persia, Is Nrias teb thiab Babylon.

Muaj ib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub philosopher, thaum nws mus nyob hauv Athens thiab kawm nyob rau hauv lub ntawmv ntawm Socrates. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj pov thawj hais tias Democritus thaum pom ntawm Anaxagoras.

"Luag" philosopher

Muaj ntau ntawm nws lub contemporaries ho tsis to taub tias leej twg lub Democritus. Nws feem ntau tshuav nws lub zos rau lub hom phiaj ntawm ntiag tug. Kom dim ntawm lub hustle thiab bustle, nws tau mus xyuas lub toj ntxas. Democritus feem ntau coj txawv txawv cwj pwm differed: nws yuav tawg lawm luag rau tsis muaj khees vim li cas, tsuas yog vim hais tias tib neeg muaj teeb meem ntaus nws li funny. Tsaug rau no feature ntawm nws tus cwj pwm nws twb hu ua "lub luag philosopher".

Muaj ntau leej ntseeg lub philosopher ib tug me ntsis vwm. Thaum Hippocrates twb qhia tshwj xeeb uas raug caw tuaj koom rau mob - ib tug naas ej tus kws kho mob ntawm lub sij hawm, uas kuj tshuav nws cov cim nyob rau hauv qhov tam sim no. Cov tshwm sim ntawm lub rooj sib tham nrog tus philosopher yog pov thawj hais tias Democritus yog noj qab nyob zoo thiab cev nqaij daim tawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws kho mob sau tseg cov kev hloov maj mam siab ntawm lub philosopher.

Tej hauj lwm ntawm Democritus

Democritus lub npe yog txuam nrog rau cov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug siv ziag Philosophy - atomism. Qhov no kev tshawb xav combines science xws li physics, cosmology, epistemology, psychology thiab ethics. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias no ziag no tseem yog problematic koom lub peb loj ancient Greek philosophical tsev kawm ntawv: Pythagorean, Eleatic thiab Milesian.

Zaum hais tias Democritus nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm yog cov neeg sau ntawm ntau tshaj 70 txawv tracts. Rau lub npe ntawm cov hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv lub ntawmv ntawm Diogenes Laertes - nws ntau tshaj li lwm yam zaum sau, uas yog Democritus. Feem ntau, cov tracts twb tetralogy ntawm ntau yam sciences - kev kawm txog zauv, physics, ethics, ntaub ntawv, lus, thov sciences thiab txawm tshuaj.

Nyias, yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias Democritus twb xam tau tias tus neeg sau ntawm lub "Phau Ntawv tus neeg Tshadees" thiab "Nyob rau hauv dawb huv inscriptions nyob rau hauv Npanpiloo." Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov lus dab neeg, uas yog tsim los pab rau txoj kev kawm thiab taug kev mus philosopher.

materialism ntawm Democritus

Qhov no philosophy yog lub feem ntau tseem ceeb sawv cev ntawm lub atomistic materialism. Democritus khav tias lub surrounding ntiaj teb no raws li piav thoob hlo xaav, changeable, ntau haiv neeg. Txhua yam yog ua los ntawm teeb meem thiab emptiness. Nws yog ces hais tias lub sij hawm "atom" twb ua ntej nkag tau raws li qhov tsawg tshaj plaws indivisible tivthaiv ntawm txhua yam. Democritus lus qhuab qhia hais tias lub ntiaj teb no yog ua los ntawm atoms, uas tsiv mus nyob rau lub tsis muaj dabtsis.

Qhov no philosophy yog ib tug kev tshawb xav ntawm tshwm sim ntawm vortex nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb, uas twb tsim los ntawm cov kev sib tsoo ntawm atoms ntawm txawv hnyav, loj thiab zoo. Raws li ib tug khoom atom yog indivisible thiab nyob mus ib txhis tus nqi, muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm atoms ntawm txawv nyhav thiab zoo. Raws li xws li, lawv tam sim no tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus, thiab ua ke tsim tau ib cov changeable tshaj plaws vim hais tias ntawm lub zog qhov nyob rau hauv ib lub tshuab nqus.

Postulates ntawm atomism Democritus thov rau lus qhia txog lub neej thiab tus ntsuj plig. Raws li nws sau, txhua txhua nyob tshaj plaws muaj ib tug ntsuj plig, tab sis txhua tus mus rau ib tug sib txawv qhov twg. Lub neej thiab kev tuag - yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm tus decomposition ntawm lub compound los yog atoms. Democritus hais tias tus ntsuj plig - ib lub koom haum ntawm tshwj xeeb "flaming" ntawm atoms, uas, nyob rau hauv essence, kuj ib ntus. Raws li cov kev xav txog kev teem cov kev tshawb xav ntawm lub tsis txawj tuag ntawm tus ntsuj plig uas lawv muab tso tseg.