Intranasal - yog ib tug yeeb tshuaj koom haum saib xyuas? intranasal formulations

Muaj ntau ntau txoj kev sib txawv ntawm plaug cov tshuaj rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Thaum qhov kaj ntug ntawm cov thawj cov tshuaj siv lub zos txoj kev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim ntawv sau npe, rastirok, compresses, thiab lub qhov ncauj, xws li cov haus ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm ntau npaum ntaub ntawv los yog sublingual haum. ntau txoj kev tau siv nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev kho mob technology thiab tus me nyuam ntawm cov active tshuaj mus rau lub hom phiaj hloov khoom nruab nrog.

Muaj lub qhov quav thiab paum suppositories (suppository), multicomponent ntsiav tshuaj thiab tsiav tshuaj, xws li coated ntsiav tshuaj, yaj los yog pais plab kua txiv los sis plab hnyuv enzymes. Txhaj txoj kev: intra- thiab subcutaneous, intramuscular, tso dej thiab intra-arterial, intraosseous. Cov tshuaj no yog txhaj rau hauv lub ob leeg kab noj hniav thiab kabmob.

Dua li ntawm qhov kuj yooj yim txoj kev ntawm cov thawj coj, endotracheal thiab intranasal formulations tau siv kuj ntev los no. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, lub qhov ntswg dauv tau muaj twb nyob Hippocrates. Txawm li cas los, intranasal - qhov no yog ib txoj kev tswj hwm rau tus me nyuam mus rau lwm cov kabmob, thiab tsis yog ib tug tshuaj rau o ntawm ib tug txias, thiab xws li thawj coj twb tau muab siv tsuas yog ib tug ob peb xyoo dhau los.

Cov pawg lwm intranasal formulations, muab kev (mauj) txiav txim

Heev heev cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias cov sib ntaus tawm tsam tus mob khaub thuas - tsis yog vim li cas rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov tshuaj mus rau hauv lub qhov ntswg kab noj hniav. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj ib tug mauj txiav txim, ntsiag to absorbed los ntawm cov qog ua kua membrane ntawm lub qhov ntswg nqe vaj lug kub thiab ncav cuag lawv cov lo lus uas peb ncaj qha.

Intranasal thawj coj yog ua tau rau:

• H1-antihistamines (tsis haum tshuaj);
• ib-adrenoceptor agonists (vasoconstrictors);
• mast cell stabilizers week;
• serotoninergic (muab ntau yam los - ntawm vasoconstriction rau ib tug antiallergic);
• hormonal thiab protivogormonalnyh;
• narcotic analgesics ;
• immunomodulators;
• correctors metabolism ntawm cov pob txha mos thiab pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg;
• psychostimulants thiab nootropics.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog intranasal thawj coj ntawm cov tshuaj

Kuj muaj lub sij hawm ntev kws tuam txhab uas muag tau sim daws tau ob pab raws qib unsolvable txoj kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj cov tshuaj qauv ntawm cov protein. Lub daig yog muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov protein-peptide tivthaiv, ib tug active ingredient los ntawm pais plab kua txiv thiab plab hnyuv enzymes nyob rau hauv qhov ncauj txais tos. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov teeb meem no twb los ua ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov thawj cov zaj ntawm lub siab - losis tswvyim dabtsi ua si ntawm lub complex thiab nws feem.

Cov tshuaj twb pom nyob rau hauv cov kev siv ntawm injectable lawv ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab qhov quav suppositories. Txawm li cas los, cov thawj txoj kev yog txawv rau ib co kev complexity, ua ke nrog tsis kaj siab ncus. Thiab lub thib ob yog tsis zoo txaus vim hais tias ntawm tsis muaj absorbability nyob rau hauv lub kawg seem ntawm lub qhov quav. Qhov kev txiav txim tuaj mam li nco dheev. Nws pom hais tias intranasal - nws raws li kev txhaj tshuaj, xws cov thawj coj, uas tus ceev pib ntawm kho nyhuv. Thiab ntxiv tej yam uas muaj feem xyuam tshuaj yog muab xws li cov bioavailability, i.e. yuav tsum tau concentration ntawm active ingredient ntawm qhov chaw ntawm nws daim ntawv thov.

Lwm pab vaj tse intranasal thawj coj tsom nyob rau hauv extracellular (bypassing haum mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha los ntawm cov qog ua kua) allergic ntawm active tshuaj rau hauv lub hlwb. Tau txais nyob rau lub olfactory cheeb tsam, cov tshuaj yog xa mus rau lub fibers ntawm lub olfactory thiab trigeminal qab haus huv.

Tso ntaub ntawv intranasal formulations

Rau zoo mus rau hauv lub qhov ntswg kab noj hniav yog siv ib tug heev tsawg tus naj npawb ntawm cov kws cov ntaub ntawv. Tus thawj yog, ntawm chav kawm, lub qhov ntswg. Tej zaum nqus tau pa hmoov nrog zoo qauv. Siv tso tshuaj pleev. Ntau yam kev daws teeb meem los yog decoctions ntawm tshuaj ntsuab ntxuav qhov ntswg muaj kab noj hniav nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no tsis yog vim luv luv raug mus rau lub mucosa thaum ua ntawv thov.

Lub ntsiab rau daim ntawv tso intranasal tshuaj muaj mauj teebmeem yog qhov ntswg tshuaj txau. Lawv yog ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov dosing qhwv nrog compressed cua los yog nrog ib tug active twj tso kua mis-atomizer. Tsaug rau ib tug tej yam ntim ntawm emissions txau thaum nias ib zaug, nws tseem tau mus kuj controllable ntau npaum ntawm cov tshuaj.

Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum uas siv cov tshuaj tsuag yog tusyees irrigation qhov ntswg mucosa. Qhov no pab tau haum ntawm cov tshuaj uas tej nws pharmacological kev txiav txim.

Main zoo ntawm qhov ntswg thawj coj

Raws li cov foregoing, nws yog ua tau kom paub tias cov tseem ceeb virtues muaj los ntawm intranasal formulations. Cov yooj yim thiab yooj yim ntawm cov thawj coj, uas tsis yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov kev khoom thiab tshwj xeeb kev cob qhia, raws li yog cov ntaub ntawv nrog txhaj tshuaj txoj kev yog heev tseem ceeb los ntawm lawv cov kev siv los ntawm tus neeg mob.

Nrog lub physiology thiab pharmacology ntawm nom nyob hauv thawj qhov chaw yog tau central txiav txim rau lub paj hlwb qauv. Qhia mauj nyhuv, tuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm, raws li nyob rau hauv txhaj tshuaj txoj kev thawj coj, nws tseem ceeb heev. Vim hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm lub phenomenon ntawm cov thawj cov zaj ntawm lub siab, muab lub siab bioavailability ntawm cov tshuaj thiab ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm txuam phiv tshua.

Qhov tsis zoo

Los ntawm qhov seem yus pom ntawm muaj quag nyhuv ntsiab teeb meem yog kom muaj ib tug kho rau theem nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntshav concentration ntawm cov tshuaj. Txhais tau tias kev sai absorbed thiab nce mus txog ib tug ncov ntawm kev txiav txim rau ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm, yog li lub intranasal thawj coj muaj peev xwm tsuas yog siv tau rau cov luv luv-term kho ntawm tej yam kev mob. Heev nyhuv no tsuas tau thaum xeem cov tshuaj uas muaj teebmeem rau lub hlwb.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov tau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub zos tshua mus rau lub qhov ntswg mucosa. Qhov no yog vim ib tug txaus siab concentration ntawm active muaj nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntxiv Cheebtsam yuav xyuas kom meej tshaj plaws tso cai ntawm lub tshuaj los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub mucosa mus rau cov ntshav.

Muaj peev xwm haum los ntawm lub qhov ntswg kab noj hniav tau ib tug ncaj txwv tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj muaj yuav tsum tau rau qhov no physicochemical zog. Tus neeg mob yog ib qho kev nce concentration ntawm active ingredient ua rau teeb meem loj nqi rau cov purchase ntawm ib cov tshuaj tsuag.

intranasal immunomodulators

Nyob rau hauv lub off-lub caij los yog nyob rau hauv kev mob kev nkeeg mob khaub thuas rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm lug siv tshuaj uas ua rau kom lub zuag qhia tag nrho thiab lub zos tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv.

Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm thaum muaj xwm ceev kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv yog thov intranasal interferon.

Thaum ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias cov intranasal lawv ntawm koom haum saib xyuas ntawm immunomodulators txhawb tsis tau tsuas yog tiv thaiv lub nkag mus ntawm tus kab mob, pathogens los ntawm lub qhov ntswg mucosa. Nws kuj nkoos tus tiv thaiv rog ntawm nws tus kheej - qhov ua kom nws tus kheej zus tau tej cov interferon. Yuav kom tsim kho lub zus tau tej cov endogenous interferon txij nkawm txoj kev kho raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj "Anandina" intranasal.

interferon tib neeg

Qhov npaj ntawm ib qho kev tiv thaiv kab tiv thaiv muaj kev ua si tiv thaiv feem ntau pathogens kab mob khaub thuas, "interferon" yog muab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj, tshuaj preparations thiab cov hmoov rau qhov kev npaj ntawm ncos. Rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob, koj yuav tau siv tej daim ntawv tso. Tab sis rau lub zos tiv thaiv dua intranasally. Qhov no, raws li ib qho pom barrier yuav tiv thaiv kom txhob allergic ntawm ib tug txiav txim nqi ntawm tus kab mob no nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm txheej membrane ntawm lub qhov ntswg kab noj hniav. Qhov no yuav muab ib tug qis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv phaum mob tej yam kev mob.

Immunostimulant "Anandina", lub qhov muag dauv thiab qhov ntswg

Cov tshuaj yog siv lug vim qhov yuav luag tiav qhaj ntawv los ntawm kev phiv, phiv tshuaj thiab zoo lub cev stimulatory los. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws muaj kuj yog ib tug pronounced mob-kho cov khoom uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv thov raws li qhov muag dauv ntawm lub corneal los yog conjunctival raug mob.

Contraindications tau tsuas muab intramuscularly "Anandina". Qhov ntswg dauv muaj cai thaum twg los tau muaj hnub nyoog, cev xeeb tub, lactation thiab lwm yam muaj sia yam kev mob los yog kab mob.

Yog hais tias tsis haum txhaws ntswg

Feem ntau ua rau khaus khaus qhov ntswg, txham thiab profuse secretion ntawm hnoos qeev yuav tsis yog ib tug kab mob no, thiab cov antigen, ua rau uas tsis yog-kev tiv thaiv kab mob teb - tsis haum. Nyob rau hauv lub complex kev kho mob ntawm daim ntawv no ntawm rhinitis, intranasal corticosteroids yog feem ntau siv. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb rau cov neeg kev txom nyem los ntawm khaub ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kev tsis haum tshuaj - hay fever.

Nyob rau hauv tej lub sij hawm flowering nroj tsuag xws cov neeg mob tsuas yog insufficiently daim ntawv thov antihistaminic tshuaj pab pawg neeg, uas nyob rau hauv feem ntau muaj ntau thiab sedative nyhuv. Nws tsis yog permissible nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm lub cev muaj zog tsheb, kev khiav hauj lwm machinery, los yog nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws kev puas hlwb concentration. Ces tsa hauv zos hormonal tshuaj txau uas tshem manifestation ntawm cov tsos mob tsis muaj teeb meem loj rau tag nrho cov hormonal tshuav nyiaj li cas.

precautionary ntsuas

Dua li ntawm qhov dav txaus thiab yooj yim tsiv ntawm cov tshuaj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias intranasal - yog, zoo li lwm yam, ib tug yeeb tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv kws kho mob lub tshuaj, nyob rau hauv lub kws tshuaj ntawm lawv, multiplicity thiab ntev ntawm kev txais tos.

Feem ntau muaj cov teeb meem thaum koj yuav tau siv sij hawm ntau cov tshuaj, tseg tsis muaj leej twg uas tsis tau. Thiaj li, qhov yuav tsum tau mus nrhiav kom paub seb lawv yuav muaj thaum tej yam tsis zoo rau lub cev. Cov lus qhia rau kev siv muaj xws li tag nrho cov embodiments ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj loj. Uas yog vim li cas ua ntej yuav noj tej chaw cov tshuaj raws li suppositories, tshuaj pleev thiab tshuaj tsuag, koj yuav tsum tau twv yuav raug hu sab laj ib tug tshwj xeeb.