Innovation Infrastructure: tswv yim thiab cov yam ntxwv

Lub kev loj hlob ntawm qhov teeb meem yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub tsis ncaj ncees lawm hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm infrastructure - puag uas tus tshiab ua si ntawm lub enterprise, cheeb tsam los yog txawm lub teb chaws. Yuav ua li cas yog xws li ib tug lub moj khaum thiab nws tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev?

Lub tswvyim ntawm innovation infrastructure

Tej system los yog kev sib raug zoo kev sib raug zoo ntawm ntau lawm lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau muab ib tug tshiab. Nrog lub tsheb txhob sibtsoo kev loj hlob ntawm xws li ib tug system evolves, cultivators, thiab nws cov kev ua tau zoo mus rau ib tug tshiab. Nws yog los ntawm tej hnyav txoj kev loj hlob thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm scientific thiab cov kev peev xwm ntawm cov haiv neeg, uas muab impetus mus rau lub kev loj hlob ntawm kev vam meej raws li ib tug tag nrho.

Yeej, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm innovation infrastructure kev txhawj xeeb loj-scale dab xws li cov tsim ntawm ib tug tshiab mus kom ze rau cov kev tswj rau ib lub teb chaws scale. Yog li ntawd, tus tsim dab yog feem ntau feem xyuam rau lub teb chaws teev thiab yog raws li nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm cov tshiab tej yaam num nyob rau hauv tib lub teb chaws.

Lub infrastructure yog ib tug yooj yim mechanism ntawm ib tug fundamentally tshiab kev ua ub no ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm system. Cov tswvyim yuav siv tau nrog ib tug txawv lub ntsiab lus, tab sis nws essence yog raws li nram no: ib tug sau ntawm lub ntau yam lug uas yog zoo txog rau txhua tus lwm yam, uas ua hauj lwm thiab tsim kho cov kab mob ntawm innovation nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws.

Hais ntawm innovation infrastructure

Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws yaam kws ntawm txoj kev qauv kev loj hlob yog: innovation thiab technology chaw zov me nyuam, kev tshawb fawb lub chaw soj nstuam ntawm loj universities, technology incubators, ua lag ua luam chaw zov me nyuam thiab tshaj. Qhov no muaj xws li tag nrho cov koom haum uas txhawb txoj kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb ntawm science thiab economics.

tshuab mus kom ze

Innovation infrastructure txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev txhim kho. Yuav kom saib xyuas txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txawv le caag. Lub system dab cov kev tshawb fawb yog cov feem ntau ntau yam. Nws txog lub tsim ntawm ib tug tshiab infrastructure thiab muaj nyob rau hauv faib ntau yam ntawm cov kev kawm cov chaw thiab cov koom haum rau ob peb blocks.

1. Nyiaj txiag Unit - lub luag hauj lwm rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov nyiaj txiag infrastructure, nyiam nyob rau hauv peev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob chaw zov me nyuam, rau cov zoo assimilation ntawm ntau hom ntawm cov nyiaj txiag pab.
2. Qhuav thiab Technology Unit - lub luag hauj lwm rau kev sim kawm thiab kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab tej yaam num.
3. Cov ntaub ntawv unit - lub luag hauj lwm rau teeb pom kev zoo kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv cov xov xwm, npaj xovxwm pes, cov rooj sib tham, sib tham, sib tham.
4. Cov neeg ua Unit - muab neeg ua hauj lwm muaj peev xwm ua rau neeg nyiam nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshiab thiab kev paub.
5. Noj kev haus thiab tawm tswv yim tsev muaj xws li cov koom haum koom nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam rau cov teeb meem ntawm patenting, kev tiv thaiv ntawm tej cuab yeej fwm, ntawv pov thawj thiab standardization, raws li zoo raws li chaw zov me nyuam muab kev noj kev haus kev pab.
6. Faib unit - lub luag hauj lwm rau cov attractiveness ntawm lub tej yaam num rau tub ua lag luam, tsim coj mus muag attractiveness rau cov khoom innovation, paving txoj kev hauv tsev ntawm ib tug kev tshawb fawb chaw mus rau industrial qhauj nyob rau hauv uas lub hloov kho serial ntau lawm ntawm lub khoom.

Creation ntawm txoj kev infrastructure

Rau lub tsim ntawm ib tug tshiab khoom yuav tsum tau nyob ze sis ntawm kev soj ntsuam thiab zaum ntawm kev tshuam ntawm ob peb scientific disciplines. Qhov no muab sawv mus rau thiab preconditions rau cov creation ntawm qhov kawg khoom, thiab cov obstacles rau txoj kev no.

Yam uas tsis txoj kev loj hlob ntawm "innovation txoj kev hauv tsev" nyob rau hauv ib co thaj tsam ntawm lub teb chaws, xws li:

• tsis muaj uas tsim nyog cov neeg;
• qeeb daim ntawv rov ntxiv ntawm ntau lawm daim ntawv Tuition Waiver;
• tsis muaj zog tsoom fwv them nyiaj yug rau lub thawj kauj ruam thiab kev tshawb fawb tshiab;
• tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog cov ua tau kawg khoom lag luam, nrog rau txawv teb chaws.

Analysis ntawm txoj kev infrastructure

Raws li yuav pom, qhov yooj yim lub chaw khuam siab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev nyab xeeb yog, saum toj no tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm ib tug methodological mus kom ze rau cov qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb kev ua ub no. Qhov twg siab scientific tej zaum, innovation infrastructure yog qhia tawm nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm tag nrho cov system units. Nrog ib tug tsis muaj tej yam kev pab, innovation nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam cov kev xav tau pab txhawb los ntawm tsoom fwv thiab lwm investors.

Qhov chaw innovation chaw zov me nyuam

Lavxias teb sab innovation infrastructure yog feeb meej nyob ze ntawm lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev thiab hauj chaw zov me nyuam. Qhov no feem ntau Moscow thiab Moscow cheeb tsam, nrog nws lossis loj kev tshawb fawb tej zaum. Nyob rau hauv lub capital, ntse ua cov kev ua ub 652 koom haum, 34 ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws kev tshawb fawb enterprise, kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov auspices ntawm lub xeev, peb ntawm cov kev nanotechnology center - tus naas ej "T-Nano", Zelenograd Nanotechnology Center, Nanotechnology Center composites. Nyob rau hauv lub capital kuj ua haujlwm ntse lub koom haum ntawm Terrestrial Hlau nplaum - ib tug ntawm cov thawj scientific tsev ntawm Russia. Ib tug ntau ntawm kev rau siab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm innovation thiab txo nws hwj lub tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv Moscow. Yog li ntawd, ua tsaug rau nws kev txhawb nqa, yog tsim "Technopolis" - tus ua muaj chaw ua si npaj rau cov tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm siab technology. Lub thickness ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv cheeb tsam yog hais txog 20 tuam txhab uas muag kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb ntawm scientific endeavor.

Tej chaw zov me nyuam uas muaj nyob thoob plaws lub teb chaws ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, nyob ze tag nrho cov loj scientific thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv uas muaj zoo kuaj thiab kev tshawb fawb chaw. Infrastructure innovation mus xws chaw zov me nyuam thiab cov kev loj hlob kev txaus siab, los txog rau kev sis raug zoo nrog txawv teb chaws cov neeg koom tes, uas lub inflow ntawm peev mus rau hauv peb lub teb chaws.

tau

Yog li, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm infrastructure ntawm txoj kev thawj kauj ruam yog cov hauj lwm nyob rau kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm peb lub teb chaws ntau txaus nyiam rau domestic thiab txawv teb chaws kws tshawb fawb. Muaj lub xeev cov nyiaj them yug yuav pab tau mus ntxiv rau txoj kev tshawb. Qhov kawg khoom yuav siv sai li sai tau thiab nqa coj mus muag pab, tej zaum nws yuav tsis tau dais tam sim ntawd coj mus muag rov qab. Tsaug rau ib tug set ntawm kev ntsuas, lub infrastructure tseem tsim thiab tsa lub scientific lub koob npe nrov ntawm peb lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.