Formic aldehyde. Kev npaj formic aldehyde

Formic aldehyde los yog formaldehyde - yog ib tug tsis muaj kob roj nrog ib tug ntse, tsis kaj siab yam ntxwv tsw. Nws yog ib co soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej thiab alcohols. Formaldehyde yog ib co tshuaj lom thiab yuav ua rau nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev txhab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog suav tias yog ib tug carcinogen.

Formaldehyde - tus thawj tug tswv cuab ntawm ib tug homologous series, uas muaj xws li aliphatic formic aldehyde. Formic acid kuj exhibits thaj chaw ntawm no pab pawg neeg.

tshuaj zog

Formaldehyde yog tau mus koom rau hauv tag nrho cov tshuaj uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov homologous series ntawm aliphatic aldehydes. Nrog nrog nucleophiles. Nws no kuj mob nrog txo cov neeg ua hauj. Qhov no yog tsuas vim lub fact tias cov formaldehyde yog tsawg electron ceev rau cov pa roj carbon atoms. Tsaug rau no feature ntawm cov qauv yog yooj yim heev mus nkag rau hauv tshuaj tshua nrog txawm lub feem ntau tsis muaj zog nucleophiles. Qhov no piav qhia qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv aqueous formic aldehyde yog pom nyob rau hauv ib tug hydrated lub xeev.

ntau lawm txais

Qhov no teeb meem yog heev yooj yim mis. Formic aldehyde ntawm ib tug tshuaj lus zoo li no: HCHO. Lub ntsiab muaj txoj kev nws lawm - yog lub oxidation ntawm methanol. Qhov no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nqa tawm siv ib tug silver catalyst. Yuav tsum tau kub - 650 degrees. methanol oxidation tshwm sim nyob rau atmospheric siab.

Qhov no tus txheej txheem yog twb heev ib tug ntev lub sij hawm yog siv qhov txhia chaw. Nws yog zoo mastered. Kwv yees li 80% formaldehyde tau los ntawm ib tug oxidizing cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm methanol. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog tsis yog tib txoj kev. Ib tug tsis ntev los no nws tsim ib tug txawm ntau pheej txoj kev. Nws yog raws li nyob rau kev siv ntawm cov hlau-molybdenum catalysts. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus yam kub theem yog txo mus rau 300 degrees, thiab yog zoo halved.

Tsis tas li ntawd lub npe hu yog lwm muaj txheej txheem - cov oxidation uas methane. Nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau no es tej yam yooj yim mis: formic aldehyde yog tau nyob lub siab ntawm 1-2 MPa 450 degrees. Lub catalyst coj txhuas phosphate.

daim ntawv thov

Methanediol - aqueous formaldehyde tov, uas ua rau cov protein ntau denaturation. Qhov no zoo tso cai rau kev siv cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw raws li ib tug tanning tus neeg saib xyuas nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm tawv yam khoom. Nws kuj tau lug siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm zaj duab xis-films. Vim lub zog tannic zog formaldehyde yog lub npe hu ua ib tug antiseptic. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Raws li nws ua xws antiseptic npaj, raws li "Formagel" thiab "Formidron". Rau ib tug heev lub sij hawm ntev, formic aldehyde siv nyob rau hauv biology ua rau lub cia ntawm biomaterials, xws li cov tsiaj nruab nrog cev los yog lub cev.

Tam sim no, tau formic aldehyde muaj txiaj ntsim ntoo thiab, ntawm chav kawm, cov rooj tog zaum kev lag luam. Nws yog siv rau zus tau tej cov resins melaminokarbamidoformaldegidnyh. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua particle board, plywood thiab lwm yam tsev cov ntaub ntawv.

Thaum khaws cia formic aldehyde yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv kub hauv qab no 10 degrees tshuaj yuav pos huab thiab ib tug dawb precipitate zoo nkaus li. Tsis tas li ntawd, formaldehyde yog reacted nrog oxygen. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tsim vim lub ntxiv degenerate branching saw initiators.

tshuaj lom zog

Yog li, formaldehyde yog npaj los ntawm oxidation ntawm methanol thiab methane. Undoubtedly, nws muaj ib tug txaus siab degree ntawm tshuaj muaj taug. Formic aldehyde feem ntau raug rau cov kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic khoom. Los ntawm no substance raug kev txom nyem thiab kev ua me nyuam kabmob. Tab sis, ntawm chav kawm, feem ntau cim caj pas puas tsuaj, daim tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag.

Formaldehyde yog txaus ntshai los ntawm cov fact tias nws muaj ib tug tsis zoo ntxim rau cov Cns.

Formic aldehyde tsuas yog tsis lom - 60-90 mL tshuaj (nyob ntawm seb hnyav), daig hauv, ua tuag. Cov tsos mob ntawm lom muaj xws li:

• general prostration;
• tawv nqaij dawb ntawm daim tawv nqaij integument;
• hnovqab;
• Cns kev nyuaj siab;
• ua tsis taus pa;
• mob taub hau;
• tu-sauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsaus ntuj.

Formic aldehyde tej yam nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev

Kev siv ntawm formic aldehyde nyob rau hauv cov feem ntau ua rau cov zaubmov uas lom ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm. Nrog muaj zog nqus tau pa txhab, piv txwv li los ntawm nqus tau pa, pom conjunctivitis thiab mob hauv daim ntawv ntawm bronchitis, uas tej zaum kuj ua rau yus pulmonary edema. Symptomatology nyob rau hauv heev raug ntawm formaldehyde yuav tsuas ua rau kom. Tom qab ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm, muaj cov cim qhia ntawm kev raug mob thiab Cns kev nyuaj siab. Nws yuav tsum qhia tias nyob rau hauv qhov kiv kiv taub hau, feeb ntawm kev ntshai tshwm sim, lub moj yam yuav unsteady, thiab thaum hmo ntuj ib tug neeg yuav ua tau txawm qaug dab peg.

Yog hais tias lub lom tshwm sim los ntawm lub qhov ncauj, cov thawj tsos mob yuav hlawv lub txheej nyias nyias ntawm lub digestive ib ntsuj av. Nws yuav manifest nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov mob, ib tug burning nov ntawm nqaij tawv nyob rau hauv lub caj pas thiab cov hlab pas. Tus txiv neej pom tau tias muaj zog retching, qhov hnyav, rejects lub plab yuav muaj cov ntshav. Nyob rau hauv loj heev zaum, tsim laryngeal edema cai reflex pa raug ntes.

Nyob rau hauv ntev lom nyob rau hauv me me ntau nyob rau hauv tib neeg muaj yog ib tug muaj zog poob phaus, puas siab puas ntsws stimulation, pom tau qhov sib cuam tshuam, insomnia, thiab mob mob taub hau.

Lom nrog formaldehyde

Formic aldehyde feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Lub tuam txhab muaj neeg ua hauj lwm koom nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm rau qhov siv thiab ua cov khoom cua resins, nrog ib tug ruaj khov thiab ntev-lub sij hawm raug formaldehyde vapors tau lom. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv thawj ua hauj lwm hnub ib tug neeg tau cim dermatitis ntawm lub ntsej muag, ob txhais tes. Lub xub ntiag ntawm formaldehyde nyob rau hauv lub cev yuav pom los ntawm lub xeev ntawm deterioration ntawm tes - lawv muag thiab ua nkig.

Eczema thiab dermatitis tej zaum yuav tsis haum cim. Tom qab ib tug neeg tau raug kev txom nyem ib lom, nws yog tsim los ntawm formic aldehyde muaj zog rhiab heev. Muaj pov thawj hais tias formaldehyde adversely muaj feem xyuam rau cov hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev me nyuam system ntawm tus poj niam lub cev.

Kev siv ntawm formaldehyde nyob rau hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce

Lub formaldehyde cov ntsiab lus yog tso cai raws li ib tug preservative nyob rau hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce, tab sis nws concentration yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 0.1%. Formic aldehyde tej zaum yuav tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav cream rau lub cev, lub ntsej muag thiab ob txhais tes.

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv pharmacology, nyob rau hauv ib co txhais tau tias ntawm kev tiv thaiv tawm fws tau yog formaldehyde. Nws pub concentration ntawm - 0.5%. Qhov no tshuaj - ib tug zoo antiseptic, txawm nyob rau hauv xws pluas me me nws muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm kev rhuav tseg micro-kab. Nws yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub muab tej tshuaj pleev rau lub ntsej muag yog hais tias nws yog ib feem ntawm ib tug 5% formaldehyde. Nws yog fraught nrog lub tsos ntawm dermatitis thiab tsis haum. Tsis tas li ntawd formic aldehyde yog tsis siv rau khaws cia kom hniav zoo nkauj khoom, yog hais tias lawv muaj muag raws li aerosols thiab tshuaj tsuag.

Tag nrho cov khoom nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntawv yuav tsum muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm yam tshuaj, txawm yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm 0.05%. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, rau hnub no tsis tau clarified raws li ib tug tov ntawm formaldehyde muaj feem xyuam rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tab sis nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj nws yog xim liab thiab flaky.

Carcinogenic formic aldehyde

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias formaldehyde yog reacted nrog selenium, nrog kev koom tes ntawm mas concentrated sulfuric acid. Cov no ib tug ethersulfates-4-tetradetsilidioksan. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas nrog ib tug complex hu ua tom qab ua lub barium oxide hydrate yuav zoo heev xab npum. Nws yuav zoo li, dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshai? Tab sis formaldehyde yog ntxiv rau daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj nrog carcinogenic zog. Txawm tias cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev txaus ntshai nws twb tsis tau tsim, nws yog tsim nyog los noj mus rau hauv tus account lub fact tias cov formic aldehyde yog cov rau cov tsiaj. Raws li official cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau yam kev chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kev siv ntawm formaldehyde nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov xim tsev, resins, textiles, yas, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cancer hlav nyob rau hauv tib neeg muaj pov thawj. Tshwj xeeb yog yuav muaj tsim nasopharyngeal cancer.