Dzhonson Semyuel: A Biography, nta muaj tswv yim, interesting tseeb

Semyuel Dzhonson - English critic, biographer, essayist, kws sau paj lug thiab lexicographer. Nws yog suav tias yog ib tug kuj zoo kawg thiab cov nuj nqis ntawm lub neej thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub XVIII caug xyoo. Vim li cas rau lub chaw, uas niaj hnub no nyiam Semyuel Dzhonson, - quotes cov txawj sau ntawv.

cov ntaub ntawv kawm vitae

Dzhonson Semyuel yug nyob rau hauv lub ntsig txog lub xeev lub zos ntawm Lichfield, nyob rau hauv Staffordshire, nyob rau hauv Michael Johnson tsev neeg twb koom nyob rau hauv cov lag luam tawm phau ntawv thiab ntawv sau, thiab Sarah 18 Cuaj hlis 1709. Leej Txiv (thiab tom qab ntawd nws tus tub) yog nws bouts ntawm melancholy, tab sis nws cov hwm no: los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm tus me nyuam yug ntawm Samuel, nws tau ua hauj raws li ib tug tub ceev xwm. Dzhonson Semyuel yog ib tug sickly tus me nyuam thiab yog tsis yuav tsum ciaj sia. Nyob rau hauv 1711, nyob rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm ob lub xyoos, nws yog yuav luag qhov muag tsis pom, cov neeg lag ntseg, kev txom nyem los ntawm scrofula thiab tuberculosis, raug coj mus rau tus poj huab tais Anne mus rau ib tug los ntawm nws kov kho cov neeg muaj mob. Tab sis kev kho mob, txawm li cas los, tsis tshwm sim.

Nyob rau hauv 1716-m Johnson, rhiab, clumsy, thiab tsis los ntawm lawv lub hnub nyoog, cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv Lichfield. Nws twb mus los ntawm educated tab sis tsausmuag Dzhon Hanter, uas yeej lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm, nyob rau hauv thiaj li, nyob rau hauv nws cov lus, kom txuag tau lawv los ntawm lub gallows. Tom qab ntawd Xamuyee hais tias yog hais tias nws twb tsis tau raug ntaus, nws yuav tsis tau tiav dab tsi. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm Hunter nws tau kawm Latin thiab Greek, thiab pib sau ntawv paj huam. Nyob rau hauv 1725, nyob rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm 16 xyoo, rau lub hlis, ib tug lub xeev Johnson nws mus nws nkauj muam nraug nus Cornelius Ford, sophisticated thiab yav tas los nqa tej phuam kws qhia ntawv nyob rau hauv Cambridge. Muaj nws xub kawm ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab txawj ntiaj teb no.

khiav

Nyob rau hauv 1726 nws kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv thiab mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws txiv lub bookshop. Uas yog ib tug yuam kev. Lub neej ntawm Samuel Johnson nyob rau hauv ob xyoos tom ntej yog tsis zoo siab, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws mus rau eagerly thiab haphazardly kawm lus Askiv thiab classical ntaub ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv 1728, muaj ib tug me me legacy ntawm plaub caug phaus sab laug los ntawm nws niam tom qab kev tuag ntawm ib tug txheeb ze, nws poob nthav nkag mus hauv ntawm Pembroke College, Oxford. Muaj, li cas los xij, nws yog tsis mus muab lawv tus kheej nrog txaus noj, rau qhov teeb meem, thiab rau ntau xyoo yuav tuaj. Nws kuj pib qhia tej cim ntawm melancholy uas yuav muaj dab nws rau tus so ntawm nws lub neej. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws them me ntsis sai sai rau lawv cov kev tshawb fawb thiab nyob rau hauv 1789, nws yog tsis tshua muaj kev nyuaj siab heev thiab txom nyem mus ntxiv lawv txoj kev kawm, nws tshuav Oxford, tsis tau txais ib daim diploma.

Thawj phau ntawv

Txhais los ntawm lub Latin "Mexiyas" Pope, Johnson ua thaum lub sij hawm nws kev tshawb fawb, twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1731, tab sis los ntawm lub sij hawm cov neeg pluag, nyob rau hauv cov nuj nqis, kev nyuaj siab, cov qhov muag tsis pom thiab lag ntseg, scarred los ntawm scrofula thiab smallpox Xamuyee ntshai tsam rau nws sanity. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Kaum Ob Hlis ntawm lub tib lub xyoo nws txiv tuag, kuj muaj nyiaj.

Nyob rau hauv 1732, Johnson pom lub doorman txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv high school ua lag luam Bosworth. Thaum lub sij hawm mus ntsib ib tug Birmingham, nws tau ntsib nrog Genri Porterom thiab nws tus poj niam, Elizabeth. Cov nram qab no xyoo, dag nyob rau hauv txaj thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub tom ntej no ntev mus ntsib mus rau cov phooj ywg tshiab Xamuyee dictated abridged English version ntawm tus Fabkis neeg txhais lus ntawm cov phau ntawv "Lus mus rau hauv Abyssinia," sau nyob rau hauv lub XVII caug xyoo. Portuguese Jesuit. Nws tau los ua nws thawj luam tawm phau ntawv, thiab Johnson tau txais tsib guineas rau nws.

sib yuav

Nyob rau hauv 1735, nyob rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm nees nkaum tsib xyoos, Johnson yuav ib tug poj ntsuam 46-xyoo-laus Elizabeth Porter. Ib tug nqi taub hau ntawm nws tus poj niam, uas li cas 700 phaus, Samuel nrhiav tau lub private academy nyob ze Lichfield. Ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv David Garrick, uas tau los ua tus nto moo tshaj plaws actor ntawm nws lub sij hawm thiab ib tug nyob ze cov phooj ywg ntawm Johnson. Los ntawm 1737 lub Academy tau ploj mus tsis muaj nyiaj, thiab Samuel txiav txim siab los ua ib tug hmoov zoo nyob rau hauv cov zajlus teb, nws mus rau London nrog Garrick.

creation

Nyob rau hauv 1738, thaum nyob rau hauv London nyob rau hauv abject cov neeg txom nyem, Johnson pib sau ntawv rau hauv lub "Phau ntawv Journal ntawm lub neej," Edvarda Keyva. Muaj nws luam tawm "London" - imitation ntawm Juvenal lub satire rau decadence ntawm ancient Rome, rau cov uas nws tau txais kaum guineas. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tau ntsib nrog Richard limhiam, lwm impoverished paj huam nrog rau ib tug dubious lub koob npe nrov.

Ntawm 1740 m thiab 1743 m, nws yog edited rau sib cav tswv yim Parliament "Journal gentleman". Xyoo tom qab, nws twb qhuas rau qhov uas qhia impartiality.

Nyob rau hauv 1744, Richard Sevidzh tuag nyob rau hauv Bristol tsev lojcuj. Johnson sau "Limhiam lub neej" yog zoo tshaj plaws rau nws tsis ncaj ncees portrayal ntawm lub kev txawj thiab weaknesses ntawm lwm tus ua cim. Cov khoom yog tus thawj prose txawj sau ntawv, attracted tus mloog ntawm tus nyeem ntawv pej xeem.

Nyob rau hauv 1745 nws luam tawm "Muaj ntau hom tswvyim txog cov xwm txheej no" Macbeth. " Cov nram qab no xyoo, nws kos npe rau ib daim ntawv cog lus nrog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm publishers thiab ua ib txoj hauj lwm loj ntawm compiling ib phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm cov lus Askiv hais lus, tib lub luam tawm nyob rau hauv Fabkis plaub caug mej zeej ntawm lub Fabkis Academy. Nws muab rau nws cov "Plan cov lo lus" rau suav Chesterfield, tab sis nws yog heev nruab nrab cartridge. Cov tshwm sim yog lub nram qab no txhais Johnson lo lus "patron": "Qhov no yog ib tug uas yuav pab, pab thiab tiv thaiv. Feem ntau nws yog tus neeg phem uas txhawb nqa haughtily nyob rau hauv rov qab rau uas tsis tseeb ntxias. "

Nyob rau hauv 1748 nrog rau pab Johnson tau tsiv mus rau ib tug loj tsev nyob rau hauv Fleet Street, thiab pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tso ua ke ntawm cov phau ntawv txhais. Nyob rau hauv 1749 nws nyob nws melancholy ua hauj lwm "saib iav heev ntawm tib neeg xav li cas," Garrick thiab Johnson muab tso rau lub kev txom nyem ntawm "Irene" nyob rau hauv Drury Lane.

Ntawm 1750 thiab 1752 xyoo ob lub lis piam, nws tau tsim ntau tshaj ob puas tsab ntawv "Rembler". Nyob rau hauv 1752-m nws tus poj niam tuag lawm. Ob xyoos tom qab, Johnson rov qab mus rau Oxford, qhov uas nws tau ntsib nrog Thomas Wharton, lub neej yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug laureate. Cov nram qab no xyoo, nrog kev pab los ntawm Uortona Semyuel thaum kawg tau txais ib tug master degree ntawm Oxford. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nws kuj zoo kawg English phau ntawv txhais lus thaum kawg ua kom tiav thiab luam tawm, thiab txawm hais tias nws tseem txom nyem heev, nws phau ntawv sau lub koob npe nrov tau definitively tsim. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm nws los ua cuab kav nrog cov tub ntxhais Yausua Reynolds, Bennet Langton thiab Tofamom Boklerkom.

Nyob rau hauv 1756, Dzhonson Semyuel sau, "Thov rau ib tug tshiab ib tsab ntawm Shakespeare", uas, li cas los xij, tsis tshwm sim mus txog 1765. Nws kuj hais ntxiv nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug journalist, editor thiab compiler prefaces. Thaum nws raug ntes rau cov nuj nqis, cov kev cog lus ua Semyuel Richardson. Ntawm 1758 thiab 1760 nws tau sau ib tug series ntawm cov nplooj ntawv "Bummer." Nyob rau hauv 1759, nws niam Sarah tuag, thiab tshuav nyob rau hauv ib tug tu siab heev mus ob peb vas, nws sau ib tug ncaj ncees dab neeg "Rasselas" them, nws hais tias, cov pam tuag.

so

Nyob rau hauv 1762, tom qab nws accession rau lub zwm txwv ntawm King George III, Semyuel Dzhonson, uas nws cov phau ntawv yog nyiaj hli hov ntau tsis tau coj nws mus rau nws Library kom tau txais ib cov nyiaj laus ntawm 300 phaus ib xyoos. Txawm li cas los, lub sij hawm ntawm railway tsev qhua yog txawm ntau tsis meej pem, vim hais tias nws yog ib tug supporter ntawm lub Tory tog, thiab, mindful ntawm kev tsim txom ntawm lub Whigs, txhais lo lus "nyiaj laus" nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv txhais lus raws li "kev them nyiaj rau civil txib rau ntxeev siab rau nws lub teb chaws." Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nws yog tsis nyob rau hauv nws lub neej yuam kom txuag tau tsim nyog thiab txawm hais tias nws saib yog amazing, thiab inevitably ntxhib-tawg ntshua los, nws los ua ib qho ntawm feem nto moo nyob rau hauv lub siab lub neej ntawm kev sau ntawv rau tom tsov ntxhuav. Thaum ib tug ob peb ntawm cov tub ntxhais tej ntsib nws nyob rau hauv ib tug txawj yav tsaus ntuj, qhia surprise strangeness ntawm nws lub cev, raws li yog hais tias nws yog ib co zoo ntawm dab los ntawm lub deserts ntawm teb chaws Africa, Johnson pom lawv nws tamed thiab yuav stroked.

Nyob rau hauv 1763, nws ua ntej tau ntsib James Boswell. Txawm tias nws Scottish keeb kwm (Johnson yig Scots - li no nws nto moo txhais: "oats - nws yog grain, uas nyob rau hauv ces yuav noj nees, thiab nyob rau hauv Scotland cov neeg"), lawv tau nrog zoo nrog txhua lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv 1764 nws tau nrhiav tau "Literary Club" uas nws cuab Reynolds, Edmund Burke, Garrick, Boswell thiab Johnson.

Xamuyee nyob rau hauv 1765 nyob rau hauv nws editorship luam tawm Shakespeare nrog kuj zoo kawg thiab insightful foreword thiab tau txais ib tug mus saib xyuas tus kws kho mob ntawm txoj cai lij choj Sciences ntawm Trinity College nyob rau hauv Dublin. Nws kuj tau ntsib nrog tus muaj nyiaj Henry thiab Exathaw yog leejtwg Trail, uas yuav siv feem ntau ntawm nws lub sij hawm tom ntej no kaum rau xyoo (ntau ntau ntawm kev hais lus, tab sis ua ib tug me ntsis creativity). Johnson ib zaug hais tias: "Dawb sau xwb chumps."

Nyob rau hauv 1769 Boswell, ua ib tug kws lij choj nyob rau hauv Edinburgh, sib yuav, thiab yuav nyob rau hauv Scotland kom txog rau thaum 1772 th. Ntawm 1770 thiab 1775 Johnson tso ib tug series ntawm tsausmuag, tab sis characteristically categorical kev nom kev tswv pamphlets. Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1773, txawm hais tias nws twb yeej ib txwm saib tsis taus Scotland, Samuel coj ib tug nco mus txawv tebchaws los Boswell rau lub Hebrides. Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1774 Johnson Trail mus rau Wales. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Oliver goldsmith, ib tug ntawm ob peb lub contemporaries, uas nws zoo heev admired, tau tuag, thiab cov kws ntawv muaj ib tug zoo kawg li tsis tau.

Semyuel Dzhonson Patriot

Tom qab ntawd nws sau tau ib phau me nyuam ntawv "Lub Patriot", uas thuam dab tsi nws saib raws li cuav patriotism. Yav tsaus ntuj, Plaub Hlis Ntuj 7, 1775, nws famously hais tias patriotism yog kawg qhov chaw nkaum ntawm ib tug scoundrel. Contrary kom nrov kev ntseeg, qhov no daim ntawv qhia hais txog tsis txhob patriotism nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tab sis rau cov tsis ncaj ncees lawm kev siv ntawm lub sij hawm, John Stewart, Earl ntawm Bute thiab nws pab thiab cov yeeb ncuab, ua si nyob rau hauv nws tsis yog lus Askiv keeb kwm. Johnson txwv nws tus kheej-proclaimed patriots nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tab sis menyuam cov "muaj tseeb" patriotism.

kev txhiv dim

Nyob rau hauv 1775 nws luam tawm nws "Lus rau lub Western Islands ntawm Scotland." Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Johnson tau txais ib qho saib xyuas degree los ntawm University of Oxford, raws li zoo raws li ib tug txoj kev mus xyuas Fabkis (uas pom ib tug zuj zus Scotland). Xamuyee ua nruj ua tsiv reacted kom lub American kiv puag ncig, piav txog txoj kev txhaum colonists li "ib haiv neeg ntawm convicts." Nyob rau hauv 1776, nws cov kwv tij mus Oxford Boswell, Ashbourne thiab Lichfield, qhov twg los nag bareheaded sawv nyob rau hauv lub lag luam xwmfab nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev, uas tsis muaj tsev nyob ib tsev muag ntawv nyeem ntawm nws tus txiv, cawm ib tug "ua txhaum ntawm filial piety" cog lus 50 xyoo dhau los. Niaj hnub no vaj tse cov tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Samuel Johnson.

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej

Nyob rau hauv 1778 nws tau ntsib tus 24-xyoo-laus Fanni Berni, tsis ntev los ua ib tug muaj kev vam meej sau "E-mail". Cov nram qab no xyoo, David Garrick, ib tug laus tus menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Johnson thiab nws tus phoojywg, tuag, thiab Samuel twb dua shaken. Nyob rau hauv 1781, tom qab ntawv ntawm phau ntawv "Nyob ntawm cov lus Askiv Poets", tuag Genri Treyl. Xamuyee nplij nws tus poj ntsuam thiab tau mus yuav nws. Nyob rau hauv 1783, Txawm li cas los, nws noj qab haus huv pib deteriorate thiab nws raug kev txom nyem ib tug mob stroke. Lub xyoo tom ntej, ib tug me ntsis zoo tu qab tso, nws puas nrog Mrs. Trail thaum nws tshaj tawm nws lub tswv yim rau yuav Gabriel Piotstsi.

Dr. Semyuel Dzhonson, uas suffers los ntawm gout, mob hawb pob, edema thiab o, pom tias txoj kev ntshai ntawm txoj kev tuag pib kom tau lawv, tab sis tau ntsib nws bravely li tau ntsib tag nrho cov kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv nws lub neej. Hlis ntuj nqeg 13, nws tuag nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm 75 xyoo. Nws raug faus nyob rau hauv Westminster Abbey rau 20 Hlis ntuj nqeg.