Dua-off daim ntawv qhia hnub - ib tug me me encyclopedia rau txhua txhua hnub

Nyob rau hauv ancient Rome, cov thawj hnub ntawm txhua lub hli, hu ua Kalends. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub ntawm lub tshuav luag nqi nyob rau ib lub creditor them txhua hli txaus siab. Yuav ua li cas lawv sau nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, dubbed daim qhia hnub hli. Yog li ntawd chiv mus rau lub xam ntawm hnub lawv tau tsis muaj dab tsi ua li cas. Thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis muaj kev kawm ntawv muaj nuj nqi yog tsis nqa.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, tau ntev enjoyed mesyatseslove - nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub tsev teev ntuj calendar, nyob rau hauv uas, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub hnub ntawm lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg ntseeg thiab lub vajvoog ntawm kev cai dab qhuas hnub caiv, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, muaj dab tsi.

Zoo li ntau yam nyob rau hauv Russia, ib tug loj heev txhua xyoo daim ntawv qhia hnub muaj nyob ua tsaug rau Peter I. Thawj luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1708, nws tseem hu ua mesyatseslove, tab sis, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws tau civil es lub Orthodox daim ntawv qhia hnub. Muaj ntau niaj hnub nta nws tom qab kis tau los ntawm associate ntawm Peter kuv Yakovu Bruce. Bruce daim ntawv qhia hnub narrated txog hnub ci thiab daim eclipses, cov nqe lus ntawm ua liaj ua teb tej hauj lwm, huab cua thiab cov kab mob, muaj ib tug ntau ntawm ntaub ntawv uas pab nyob rau hauv cov lub sij hawm.

Tab sis, alas, qhov no nyob deb txwv zeej txwv koob uas muaj cov txheeb ze nyob rau hauv ib tug niaj hnub tsim kua muag-tawm daim ntawv qhia hnub, los ze zog rau cov neeg tsis. Nyob rau hauv 1727, lub kom txoj cai rau nws cov ntawv yuav lub capital (St. Petersburg) Academy ntawm Sciences. Luam tawm daim qhia hnub hli nyob rau hauv me me khoom, txhua tus uas yog npaj rau cov ntsiab lus kev kawm ntawv, thiab tsis yog txhua tus yog nyob rau hauv lub hnab tshos.

Qhov thib ob daim ntawv qhia hnub yug nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm XIX xyoo pua thiab yog txuam nrog lub npe ntawm ib tug ua lag luam, kawm thiab publisher Ivan Sytin. Los ntawm lub sij hawm lub monopoly rau lub xov xwm ntawm daim qhia hnub hli lawm, thiab Sytin tam sim ntawd seized raws li qhov ib tug ci ntsa iab lub tswv yim. "Universal Calendar", uas nws xa rau cov Nizhny Novgorod exhibition nyob rau hauv 1884, tsim ib tug furore. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, txhua txhua Lavxias teb sab tsev neeg muaj peev xwm nyob rau ntawm ib tus nqi pheej yig mus yuav ib tug universal siv phau ntawv rau txhua zaus.

Tom qab mloog rau cov lus thiab tswv yim Lva Tolstogo, Sytin ua ib tug ntau ntawm cov kho rau koj daim ntawv qhia hnub, ncaj xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv uas yog tag nrho cov tam sim no kua muag-tawm daim qhia hnub hli. Tom ntej tshooj ntawm txoj kev vam meej yog kev nyuaj siab loj. Los ntawm 1885 mus 1916 nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, qhov twg nyeem ntawv suav hais tias tsuas yog ib feem peb ntawm cov pejxeem, daim ntawv qhia hnub, kev loj hlob los ntawm 6 mus rau 21 lab luam. Qhov no tsab yog tiag tiag lub teb chaws, nws treasured rau ib tug par nrog phau Vajlugkub nyob rau nws kawm tau mus nyeem.

Nyob rau hauv Soviet txoj cai, tsim kua muag-tawm daim ntawv qhia hnub khaws cia nws tuav thiab kev kawm muaj nuj nqi, Txawm li cas los, vim rau qhov loj heev tej chaw thiab lab ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawm nws txheem kom huv si ntsuam xyuas los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm lub luag hauj lwm rau ideology. Zoo li ntau lwm yam khoom ntawm siab thov, ib tug coj daim ntawv qhia hnub tsim kua muag-off twb cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv Cov Qib ntawm nyiaj tsawg.

Ntsiag to, tab sis tseem ceeb pov thawj ntawm nws muaj koob meej - tuab zuag qhia tag nrho phau ntawv sau, nyob rau hauv uas peb pog thiab yawg, niam thiab txiv txhua xyoo Document clippings nraus nplooj ntawv-hnub: tswv yim thiab cov zaub mov txawv, cov qauv thiab knitting tswvyim, tim lus sib dhos thiab fairy tales.

... Tuaj XXI xyoo pua, qhov twg los tso saib daim ntawv qhia hnub ntawm cia li thawb ib tug mobile xov tooj khawm los yog ob tug clicks ntawm ib tug computer nas. Koj puas xav hais tias cov kua muag-tawm daim ntawv qhia hnub yog tsis nrov? Yeej tsis xav li! Nws tseem ua, thiab ib tug ntau yam ntawm shocks: rau housewives thiab fishermen, kev soj ntsuam txog kev nyab xeeb thiab dieters, noj qab haus huv, astrology, zaub, erotic ...

Muaj txawm tshwj xeeb cov kev pab cuam rau smartphones, meticulously, nrog rau tag nrho nws cov ntsiab lus, recreating tus saib, uas muaj tsim kua muag-tawm daim ntawv qhia hnub ntawm ib lub sij hawm thaum nws avidly nyeem tau hauv ib tug lub sixth ntawm lub teb chaws!