Cim nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob circuits. Conditional graphical thiab tsab ntawv cim

Yog hais tias koj ua hluav taws xob ua hauj lwm, kom paub tseeb tias koj yuav tsum paub cov cim nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob circuits. Cov muaj peev xwm nyeem xov kos duab - ib tug tseem ceeb zoo ntawm fitters, locksmiths khoom, constructors saw. Thiab yog hais tias koj tsis muaj kev tshwj xeeb kev cob qhia, cia li kom to taub tag nrho cov intricacies tsis zoo li kawm tau ntawv zoo. Tiam sis peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tej cim nyob rau hauv lub kos duab uas raug tsim rau cov Lavxias teb sab tau txais kev pab txawv los ntawm feem ntau lees qauv txawv teb chaws - nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, Teb chaws USA thiab Nyiv.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov cim nyob rau hauv lub kos duab

Txawm nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, thaum lub hluav taws xob engineer tau tsim sai heev, qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev sib faib ntawm pab kiag li lawm thiab lawv los. Nws yog ces thiab muaj ib tug uniform system rau tsim ntaub ntawv (ESKD) thiab lub teb chaws cov qauv (GOST). Tag nrho cov qauv rau tej kev yuav nyeem cov cim nyob rau hauv lub drawings ntawm nws lug txhawb cov miv.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua kom tawm tag nrho cov subtleties yuav tsum tau mloog mus rau ib tug ntau ntawm cov kev qhuab qhia thiab kawm tau ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. GOST - yog ib tug lossis loj cov ntaub ntawv thiab tag nrho tshawb tag nrho cov duab cim thiab lawv txheem qhov ntev, sau ntawv zoo tsis yooj yim sua. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum ib txwm muaj ib tug me ntsis "cheat ntawv" uas yuav pab tau kom orient nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm hluav taws xob Cheebtsam.

Thaiv nyob rau hauv lub drawings

Thaiv - ib tug generic lub sij hawm, nws yog meant los ntawm ib tug neeg xyuas pib, muaj tsawg heev kuj. Nrog lawv pab, cov voltage yog kis los ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob rau tau txais kev pab. Nws yog ib qho kev xav, vim muaj ntau hom xov.

Cov neeg uas tsis to taub cov qauv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub xov, tej zaum yuav txiav txim siab hais tias cov neeg xyuas pib - yog ib insulated cable txuas nrog rau cov keyboards thiab nyob. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb muaj ntau ntau hom ntawm conductors, thiab lawv yog qhia los ntawm cov qauv nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev.

Taw nyob rau hauv schemes

Txawm cov tooj liab ib co kua nplaum rau ntawm lub Circuit Court textolite boards - phau ntawv no, koj muaj peev xwm txawm hais tias qhov no version ntawm qhov hluav taws xob thaiv. Nws denoted nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob circuits nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ncaj txuas kab txuas rau los ntawm ib tug caij mus rau lwm lub. Nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev uas nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab thiab lub high-voltage hluav taws xob hlau kab kos nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov tug ncej zeb. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub qhov txuas nyob ntawm tej ntawm lub teeb, keyboards thiab nyob yog denoted los ntawm tib lub ncaj yeej.

Tab sis yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv peb pab pawg los conductive hais:

1. Nyob ntawm tej.
2. Cables.
3. Hluav taws xob cov kev sib txuas.

Thaiv lub tswv yim - tsis yog txhais raws li ib tug xov npaj yuav tsum tau lub tsev nyob ntawm tej thiab cables. Tiam sis yog tias ho nthuav rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom raws li tsim nyog rau ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws tswvyim, nws hloov tawm hais tias koj xav tau kom muaj xws li ntau transformers, Circuit Court tej fais fab, residual tam sim no kiag li lawm, grounding, insulators.

Nyob rau schemes

Nyob - ib tug plug-nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas yog tsim rau cov uas tsis yog-txhav kev twb kev txuas (muaj ib qho kev xaiv rau manually disconnect kev twb kev txuas) circuits. Cim nyob rau hauv cov drawings yog nruj me ntsis tswj los ntawm GOST. Nrog nws teev cov kev cai yuav xa mus rau lub kos duab ntawm pab kiag li lawm thiab teeb pom kev zoo pab kiag li lawm thiab ntau lwm hluav taws xob kev pab. Nyob ntawm hom yuav muab faib ua peb pawg:

1. Tsim los rau cov nto mounting.
2. Tsim los rau cov dej ntws yaug mounting.
3. Unit muaj ib tug hluav taws xob thiab ib tug mus.

Cov peb pawg muaj peev xwm yuav muab faib ntxiv mus rau hauv ob peb pab pawg, nyob ntawm seb lub kev twb kev txuas cov kev xaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv nyob:

1. Ib leeg-ncej nyob.
2. Bipolar.
3. Muab ob npaug rau ncej, thiab ib tug tiv thaiv kev sib cuag.
4. Lub peb-ncej.
5. Peb-ncej, thiab ib tug tiv thaiv kev sib cuag.

Thaum no txaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj outlets, muaj ntau ntau yam variants. Tag nrho cov chav muaj ib tug degree ntawm kev tiv thaiv, lub xaiv yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv uas lub tej yam kev mob yog yuav tsum tau siv: cov theem ntawm humidity, kub, muaj neeg kho tshuab tej yam.

Cov keyboards rau hauv Circuit Court kos duab

Switches - ib tug ntaus ntawv uas cov hluav taws xob Circuit Court yog lawm. Qhov no tej zaum yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis siv los yog phau ntawv hom. Tswj khoo xyuas graphical cim qhua, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv outlets. Los yog nyob rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv uas ua hauj lwm lub caij, ib tug tsim tswvyim nws, cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Muaj ob peb hom designs ntawm keyboards:

1. Ib leeg-ncej (xws li muab ob npaug rau thiab triple).
2. Bipolar.
3. Lub peb-ncej.

Cov kos duab tsim nyog los qhia qhov tsis muaj cov cais ntaus ntawv. Thiab graphical cim pom dab tsi hom ntawm kev siv: ib tug yooj yim mus, khawm nrog qoj thiab tsis muaj acoustic ntaus ntawv (reacting paj rwb) los yog kho qhov muag. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug mob uas lub teeb yog switched thaum uas tsaus ntuj thiab kaw tawm nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov, koj yuav siv tau ib qho kho qhov muag sensor thiab ib tug me me tswj Circuit Court.

Fuses (fusible muab tshuaj txhuam)

Muaj ntau ntau hom kev tiv thaiv pab kiag li lawm - fuses (pov tseg thiab nws tus kheej-kho), Circuit Court tej fais fab, RCD. Ib tug plurality ntawm hom ntawm embodiment, daim ntaub ntawv, txawv operating ceev, kev cia siab thiab kev siv ntawm tej yam tej yam kev mob yus muaj los ntawm cov pab kiag li lawm. Cim Fuse - ib tug duab plaub thaum uas tig mus rau qhov ntev sab ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib kis tau los ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov no yog ib qho yooj yim thiab pheej yig tshaj yam khoom uas yuav tiv thaiv tau ib qho hluav taws xob Circuit Court los ntawm luv luv Circuit Court. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov Cheebtsam yog tsis tshua muaj siv nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob schematic kos duab. Cim ntawm ib tug txawv hom yuav tsum pom - nws yog nws tus kheej-kho fuse, uas tom qab qhib rau hauv Circuit Court mus rau thawj lub xeev.

Dav Title fuses - fuse. Nws yuav siv nyob rau hauv ntau pab kiag li lawm, nyob rau hauv ntawv hluav taws xob. Lub pov tseg plugs ua tau raws li lawv. Tab sis muaj tseem pab kiag li lawm uas yog siv nyob rau hauv high-voltage switchboards. Lawv structurally ua los ntawm cov hlau terminals thiab lub ntsiab tej hub daim. Hauv muaj ib tug neeg xyuas pib ya (nws tus ntoo khaub lig seem yog xaiv nyob ntawm seb cov nyiaj pab ntau tshaj tam sim no yuav tsum kis tau los ntawm lub Circuit Court). Lub hub lub cev yog lawm ua tus sau nrog xuab zeb, los mus tshem tawm cov tseem tiv cav tseb.

Circuit Court tej fais fab

Cim xws khoom siv nyob rau hauv lub version, cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv. reusable ntaus ntawv tej zaum yuav siv tau raws li ib tug yooj yim hloov. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws ua raws li ib tug fuse, tab sis nws yog ua tau rau hloov mus rau nws cov thawj lub xeev - mus ua kom tiav rau hauv Circuit Court. Tus tsim muaj cov nram qab no hais:

1. Yas vaj tse nyob.
2. Cov qib rau switching rau hauv thiab tawm.
3. Bimetallic sawb - nws yog deformed thaum lub sij hawm lub cua sov.
4. Cov hu pab pawg neeg - nws yog muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug hluav taws xob Circuit Court.
5. Lub arc chute - tso cai rau koj kom tau tshem ntawm sparks thiab arcs thaum lub sij hawm disconnection.

Cov no yog cov hais tias ua li tej Circuit Court breaker. Tiam sis peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tom qab lub lag luam nws yuav tsis tau rov qab sai li sai tau mus rau lub pib txoj hauj lwm, nws yuav siv sij hawm lub sij hawm kom txias bimetallic sawb. pab cuam hauv tshuab lub neej yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm haujlwm thiab txawv rau hauv lub chav 30000-60000.

Grounding rau schemes

Grounding - ib tug kev twb kev txuas xyuas pib tam sim no hluav taws xob tshuab los yog ntaus ntawv nrog rau hauv av. Yog li raws li lub ntiaj teb, thiab ib feem ntawm lub Circuit Court ntaus ntawv muaj ib tug tsis zoo tej zaum. Vim lub neej puas rau ntawm lub cev grounding yog tsis ua raws li los ntawm tej yam ntaus ntawv puas tsuaj los yog hluav taws xob poob siab, tag nrho xwb mus rau hauv cov av. Grounding yog lub nram qab no ntawm cov qhua:

1. Lub dav tswvyim ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
2. Ntshiab ntiaj teb (noiseless).
3. Tiv grounding hom.
4. Lub ntiaj teb kev twb kev txuas (tsev) ntawm tus ntaus ntawv.

Nyob ntawm seb dab tsi zoo ntawm av yog siv nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court, lub cim yuav sib txawv. Ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm no yog ua si nyob rau hauv cov kev npaj schemes nqus caij, nws yog nyob ob leeg rau cov kev Circuit Court feem, thiab lub hom ntaus ntawv.

Thaum nws los txog rau tsheb engineering, yuav muaj "loj" - ib tug ntau neeg xyuas pib kev cob cog rua rau lub cev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub tsev xov - tsav mus rau hauv lub hauv av conductors yog kev cob cog rua rau lub nyob. Lub logic circuits yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav tsis meej pem "cov" thiab cov pa av - yog ob yam sib txawv, thiab lawv ua hauj lwm txawv.

electric motors

Cov kos duab ntawm hluav taws xob lub tsheb, khw, pab kiag li lawm ntau heev koj yuav nrhiav tau hluav taws xob motors. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub lag luam rau ntau tshaj 95% ntawm tag nrho cov siv xyaw - yog asynchronous nas tawb. Lawv qhia los ntawm ib lub voj voog, uas haum rau peb conductors (theem). Tej hluav taws xob cav tov siv nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog magnetic actuators thiab cov nyees khawm ( "Start", "Tsis txhob", "Rov qab", yog tias tsim nyog).

DC motors yog siv nyob rau hauv tsheb daim ntawv sau npe, cov tswj lub nruab. Lawv muaj ob tug windings - ua hauj lwm thiab cov tsav tsheb. Es tsis txhob qhov kawg tas mus li hlau nplaum yog siv nyob rau hauv ib co hom motors. Nrog lub excitation kauj tsim ib tug sib nqus teb. Nws pushes rotor ntawm lub cev muaj zog, uas tau oppositely qhia teb - nws tsim ib lub qhov txhab.

Hlau xim

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib theem fais fab mov nrog rau ib theem neeg xyuas pib muaj dub, grey, ntshav, liab, liab, txiv kab ntxwv, cyan, dawb xim. Feem ntau cov feem ntau koj yuav nrhiav tau Brown. Qhov no npav yog feem ntau txais thiab siv nyob rau hauv cov kev npaj schemes installation. Xoom neeg xyuas pib yog cim:

1. Blue - qhov nruab nrab (N).
2. Daj nrog ntsuab stripe - Hauv pem teb hlau tiv thaiv (PE).
3. Daj daim ntawv lo nrog ntsuab thiab xiav ntawm cov npoo - ib tug tiv thaiv thiab nruab nrab conductors ua ke.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias xiav daim ntawv lo yuav tsum tau ua ntawv thov thaum lub sij hawm installation. Cim nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob circuits yuav tsum muaj ib tug siv mus rau lub fact tias muaj yog muaj cov cim npe. Cov neeg xyuas pib yuav tsum tau cim nrog lub Performance index ntawm cwj mem.

Nyob rau ib tug ua haujlwm zoo lub hom phiaj tag nrho conductors raug muab faib raws li nram no:

1. Hlau dub - rau switching hwj chim circuits.
2. Nyob ntawm tej liab - rau tebchaw ntawm lwm yam uas, ntsuam, signaling.
3. Conductors xiav - Control, kev ntsuas thiab signaling ntawm DC lag luam.
4. Cov xim xiav npav ua nruab nrab neeg xyuas pib.
5. Daj thiab ntsuab - ib tug hlau rau grounding thiab kev tiv thaiv.

Alphanumeric designations nyob rau hauv schemes

Clips yog lub cim nyob rau hauv lub xov kos duab yog raws li nram no:

• U, V, W - xov theem;
• N - nruab nrab neeg xyuas pib;
• E - av;
• PE - hlau tiv thaiv Circuit Court;
• TE - ib tug conduit rau suab nrov-free tebchaw;
• MM - ib tug neeg xyuas pib kev cob cog rua rau lub vaj tse (hnyav);
• SS - equipotential neeg xyuas pib.

Los nyob rau hauv lub xov kos duab:

• L - tsab ntawv los (tag nrho) ntawm txhua theem;
• L1, L2, L3 - 1, 2 thiab 3 theem, feem;
• N - nruab nrab hlau.

Nyob rau hauv DC schemes:

• L + thiab L- - zoo thiab tsis zoo tug;
• M - nruab nrab neeg xyuas pib.

Qhov no yog hais txog cov feem ntau nquag siv nyob rau hauv kos duab thiab kos duab. Lawv muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv cov lus piav qhia ntawm tej yam yooj yim kiag li lawm. Yog hais tias koj yuav tsum nyeem schema complex pab kiag li lawm yuav tsum tau kev paub ntxiv. Tom qab tag nrho, tseem muaj active hais, passive, logic kiag li lawm, semiconductor Cheebtsam, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Thiab txhua leej txhua tus muaj nws los nyob rau hauv daim duab.

ASB winding ntsiab

Muaj ntau ntau pab kiag li lawm uas hloov hluav taws xob tam sim no. Nws inductors, transformers, txhawm chim. Cim transformer circuits - ob coils (qhia raws li peb cov semi-voj voog) thiab cov tub ntxhais (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ncaj kab feem ntau). Qhia txoj kab ncaj nraim tus tub ntxhais ntawm transformer hlau. Tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj kev tsim transformers uas tsis muaj ib tug tub ntxhais, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub Circuit Court ntawm lub coils tsis muaj dab tsi. Tej lub cim caij yuav muaj nyob rau hauv lub circuits ntawm lub xov tooj cua txais apparatus, piv txwv li.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, ib tug txheej txheem yog siv tsawg zaus Transformer steel rau qhov siv thiab ua transformers. Nws yog ib heev hnyav, tsis tau mus rau hauv cov tub ntxhais ntawm lub phaj, muaj ib tug buzz thaum loosening. Nws yog ntau npaum li cas zoo dua kev siv ntawm ferromagnetic tub ntxhais. Lawv yog cov khoom, muaj tib lub permeability nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam no. Tab sis muaj lawv muaj ib tug drawback - lub complexity ntawm lub kho, raws li disassembly thiab reassembly yog problematic. Cim transformer tseem ceeb nrog zoo tsis txawv los ntawm hais tias nyob rau hauv uas lub steel siv.

xaus

Nws tsis yog tag nrho cov cim ntawm hluav taws xob schemes, qhov loj ntawm lub Cheebtsam kuj yog tswj los ntawm GOST. Txawm tej yam yooj yim xib xub, hlws ris cov ntsiab lus yog yuav tsum tau, yog nqus tau ua nruj me ntsis raws li cov kev cai. Koj yuav tsum them sai sai mus rau ib feature - qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub schemes los ntawm domestic cov qauv thiab ntshuam. Cov kev tshuam ntawm lub conductors ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb circuits xws voj voog. Thiab tsis tau muaj yog xws li ib tug tshaj plaws raws li ib tug kos - daim duab ntawm ib yam dab tsi tsis muaj raws li cov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm cov qhua mus rau lub ntsiab. Tej yam uas yuav tsum tau ua ntawv thov mus rau feem ntau sketch. Tej dluab yuav ua li cas rau pom lub neej yav tom ntej tsim, xov. Tom qab, nws yog los ntawm daim duab nyob rau hauv uas txawm nyob ntawm designations cables thiab kev sib txuas sib haum mus rau cov qauv.