Tsim, Secondary kev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv
Celled nroj tsuag: piv txwv thiab cov yam ntxwv
Tag nrho cov muaj tus kab mob nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb muab faib ua ob pawg loj - cellular thiab uas tsis yog-cellular. Cov yav tas muaj xws li xwb cov kab mob, tab sis mus rau tus thawj - tag nrho cov lwm yam nyob creatures. Lub cell tej zaum yuav eukaryotic (muaj ib tug qauv ntawm cov cell nucleus) los yog prokaryotic (tub ntxhais offline). Cov yav tas yog sawv cev los ntawm cov kab mob, thiab cov thawj mus muaj xws li tag nrho lwm cov pab pawg ntawm cov creatures. Tus qauv ntawm feem ntau ntawm lawv yog ua los ntawm ntau hlwb, tab sis muaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no ntawm ib leeg-celled kab, nroj tsuag, fungi, thiab txawm tej tsiaj txhu. Cov yav tas muaj xws li amoeba, ciliates, fungi - poov xab, Mucor, Penicillium.
Tus qauv ntawm ib leeg-celled cog hlwb
Cov kab mob no yog eukaryotes, uas yog, lawv DNA yog nyob rau hauv lub nucleus, uas muaj ib tug tiv thaiv muaj nuj nqi. Zoo li tag nrho cov cog hlwb, lawv muaj kev organelles xws li vacuoles thiab plastids. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv muaj lub mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus thiab cov endoplasmic reticulum, piv txwv li ib co ntawm cov organelles, tus txheej txheem rau tag nrho cov eukaryotes.
muaj nuj nqi ntawm organelles
Mitochondria nqa tawm ib qho ntawm feem cwj pwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub cell - lawv ua lub zog rau tag nrho lub neej muaj dab. Lysosomes yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov intracellular zom cov zaub mov cov as-ham. Tso cai yog ribosomal protein synthesis ntawm ib tug neeg amino acids.
Lub Golgi ua ke ib co molecules thiab txheeb tag nrho cov tsim cov ntaub ntawv uas cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum yog tseem muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub metabolism, accumulating minerals synthesizing lipids thiab phospholipids. Organelles uas yog tshwj xeeb rau cog hlwb, thiab ua Attendance tseem ceeb functions. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis tshwm sim chloroplasts, vacuoles thiab khiav lag luam tank luag hauj lwm rau ntawm tes ruaj tshuaj.
Celled nroj tsuag. piv txwv
Qhov no zoo ntawm cov kab mob no yog algae hauv chav kawm ntawv. Cov feem ntau cov tawm piv txwv yog ib tug hluas-celled nroj tsuag chlamydomonas. Qhov no tej zaum kuj muaj xws li Chlorella thiab ntau hom diatoms.
yam ntxwv nta
Celled cov nroj tsuag ntawm ntau hom muaj lawv tus kheej yus nta. Tab sis yog lawv tag nrho cov muaj xws li ib tug tib cell, tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj lawv tus kheej tej yam ntxwv.
Chlamydomonas - nto moo tshaj plaws tus neeg sawv cev ntawm unicellular algae. Lawv txawv los ntawm lwm tus nyob rau hauv hais tias nws muaj xws organelles raws li lub teeb-sensitive qhov muag, los ntawm cov uas muaj tus kab mob yuav txiav txim seb qhov twg muaj ntau hnub ci zog rau photosynthesis. Es tsis txhob, heev heev chloroplasts lawv muaj ib tug loj, hu ua chromatophores. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv muaj cov contractile vacuole. Lawv ua raws li twj uas tso qhov tshaj kua. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv muaj ob flagella, organelles uas tso cai rau lub cev yuav tawm mus nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub teeb. Lwm one-celled nroj tsuag - Chlorella.
Zoo li Chlamydomonas, lawv yog ntsuab algae, tab sis tsis muaj ntau yam thiaj li tshwj xeeb organelles, raws li cov kab mob no piav saum toj no. Lawv lub hlwb - raug zaub.
Diatoms kuj thov tau mus rau ib leeg-celled nroj tsuag. Lawv yog ib tug loj feem ntawm plankton uas nyob rau hauv loj lub cev ntawm cov dej. Lawv muaj ib lub cell daim nyias nyias uas tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm cov sab nraud ib puag ncig. Nws muaj ib tug dioxide ntawm pob zeb ntais, oxides ntawm hlau, txhuas thiab lwm yam sib txuas. Los ntawm cov remnants ntawm lub zoo li yog tsim ntawm ntau minerals. Feem ntau ntawm ib leeg-celled nroj tsuag muaj me tub txoj kev sib faib. Txhua yam kab mob tau lawv cov as-ham los ntawm photosynthesis, piv txwv li lawv yog autotrophs.
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