Biography thiab kev zoo ntawm Glinka (luv luv). Tej hauj lwm ntawm Glinka

Creativity MI Glinka cim cim lub tshiab keeb kwm theem ntawm kev tsim kho cov suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai - cov ntawv nyeem. Nws tau tswj kom zoo tshaj European cov qauv nrog lub teb chaws kab lig kev cai. Lus ceebtoom tsimnyog ua txhua yam haujlwm ntawm Glinka. Qhia me me txog txhua yam yeeb yam uas nws ua haujlwm zoo. Ua ntej, nws yog nws tus yeeb yam. Lawv tau txais qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, vim lawv tiag tiag ua rau cov txheej txheem heroic ntawm yav dhau los. Nws romances tau sau nrog cov kev xav tshwj xeeb thiab kev zoo nkauj. Symphonic tej hauj lwm yog qhov tseem ceeb heev zoo nkauj. Nyob rau hauv zaj nkauj folk Glinka pom tau qhov tseeb ntawm cov paj huam thiab tau tsim lub teb chaws tiag tiag.

Creativity thiab biography ntawm Glinka. Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas

Nws yug rau lub Tsib Hlis 20, 1804. Nws thaum yau raug siv hauv lub zos Novospasskoye. Kaj thiab nco rau lub neej impressions tau cov lus thiab zaj nkauj ntawm tus kws kho mob Avdotya Ivanovna. Nws yog ib txwm nyiam los ntawm lub suab ntawm lub tswb nrov, uas nws sai sai pib qog rau ntawm tooj liab phiab. Nws pib nyeem thaum ntxov thiab xav paub los ntawm qhov xwm. Zoo siab cuam tshuam kev nyeem ntawv ntawm cov qub tsab ntawm "On wanderings feem ntau." Nws zoo siab heev rau kev mus ncig, keeb kwm, kos duab thiab suab paj nruag. Ua ntej nws nkag mus hauv tsev kawm ntawv lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws tau kawm cov lus qhia piano thiab tau ua tiav sai heev rau hauv qhov teeb meem no.

Thaum lub caij ntuj no ntawm xyoo 1817, nws tau xa mus rau hauv Petersburg mus rau ib lub tsev ua haujlwm uas nws tau siv plaub xyoos. Nws kawm nrog Bem thiab Field. Lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Glinka nyob rau lub sijhawm txij 1823 txog 1830 yeej muaj tag nrho. Txij li thaum xyoo 1824, nws tau mus xyuas Caucasus, uas nws tau ua hauj lwm txog 1828 los ua tus pab tuav ntawm cov kev tsheb ciav hlau. Txij xyoo 1819 txog 1828 mus rau nws cov neeg tuaj tshiab Novospasskoe. Tom qab nws ntsib cov phooj ywg tshiab hauv Petersburg (P. Yushkov thiab D. Demidov). Thaum lub sijhawm no nws tsim nws thawj romances. Cov no yog:

• Elegy "Tsis txhob ntxias kuv" rau hauv Baratynsky lus.
• "Tsis muaj suab paj nruag" nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Zhukovsky.
• "Kuv hlub, koj hais rau kuv" thiab "Ntse kuv, iab" hauv Korsak cov lus.

Nws sau piano tej daim, ua thawj zaug sim sau Opera "Lub neej rau Tsar".

Thawj mus txawv tebchaws sia mus thoob ntiajteb

Thaum xyoo 1830 nws tau mus rau Ltalis, raws li nws tau nyob hauv Yelemes. Nws yog nws thawj zaug mus txawv tebchaws. Nws mus ntawm no los txhim kho nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab txaus siab rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm ib lub teb chaws tsis paub. Nws impressions muab nws cov ntaub ntawv rau sab hnub tuaj scenes ntawm Opera Ruslan thiab Lyudmila. Nyob rau hauv ltalis, nws yog txog thaum 1833, tsuas yog hauv Milan.

Lub neej thiab kev muaj tswv yim ntawm Glinka hauv lub teb chaws no tau ua tiav, yooj yim thiab yooj yim. Ntawm no nws paub nrog tus neeg pleev kiab K. Bryullov, Moscow tus xib fwb S. Sheviryayev, pib. From composers - nrog Donizetti, Mendelssohn, Berlioz thiab lwm tus. Hauv Milan, Riccordi tau luam tawm ib txhia ntawm nws txoj haujlwm.

Nyob rau hauv 1831-1832 nws tau tsim ob lub serenades, ntau ntau romances, Italis Cavatins, ib tug sextet hauv yawm sij hauv E ca sab. Nyob rau hauv aristocratic voj voog, nws lub npe hu ua Maestro russo.

Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1833, nws tau mus rau Vienna, thiab tom qab ntawd siv li ntawm 6 lub hlis hauv Berlin. Ntawm no nws enriches nws kev paub nrog tus cwj pwm zoo nrov npe Z. Dehn. Tom qab, nyob rau hauv nws coj, nws sau "Lavxias teb sab Symphony". Lub sijhawm ntawd tus composer 's talent yog tus tsim. Creativity Glinka ua ntau dawb los ntawm tus ntawm lwm tus neeg, nws yog xav paub ntau tshaj ntawm nws. Nyob rau hauv nws "Cov Lus Cim" nws lees hais tias txhua lub sijhawm no nws tab tom nrhiav nws txoj kev thiab tus qauv. Tawm hauv tsev, xav txog kev sau ntawv hauv lus Askiv.

Rov qab mus tsev

Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1834, Mikhail tuaj rau Novospasskoe. Nws xav txog kev mus txawv teb chaws dua, tab sis nws tau txiav txim siab los nyob hauv nws lub tebchaws. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1834 nws mus rau Moscow. Nws sib ntsib no nrog Melgunov thiab rov xyuas nws tus qub acquaintances nrog suab paj nruas thiab kev sau ntawv voj voog. Ntawm lawv, Aksakov, Verstovsky, Pogodin, Shevyrev. Glinka txiav txim siab los ua ib tug Lavxias teb sab teb chaws opera. Nws tau siv cov yeeb yaj kiab hu ua "Marina Grove" (nyob rau ntawm thaj tsam ntawm Zhukovsky). Tus composer lub tswv yim tsis paub, tus qauv npaj tsis ncav cuag peb.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm xyoo 1834 nws tau tuaj rau hauv Petersburg, qhov chaw uas nws tau mus xyuas cov ntawv sau cwj pwm thiab cov amateur. Ib zaug Zhukovsky tau hais rau nws kom coj zaj dab neeg ntawm "Ivan Susanin." Nyob rau lub sij hawm no zoo nkauj rau zaj nkauj: "Tsis txhob hu rau nws tus ntuj ceeb tsheej," "Tsis txhob hais, kev hlub yuav dhau," "Kuv tsuas paub koj," "Kuv nyob ntawm no, Inezilya." Nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej lub neej, nws muaj ib qho kev tshwm sim zoo - kev sib yuav. Nrog rau qhov no, nws pib xav sau ntawv ua lus Askiv opera. Cov kev paub txog koj tus kheej cuam tshuam Glinka ua haujlwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov suab paj nruag ntawm nws tus yeeb yam. Thaum xub thawj, tus kws sau ntawv tau txiav txim siab sau ib cantata, muaj peb lub duab. Thawj yog hu ua ib qho chaw nyob deb nroog, qhov thib ob - Polish, lub thib peb - ib tug xaus rau xaus. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tus ntawm Zhukovsky, nws tsim ib tug ua txoj opera, muaj tsib ua.

Lub premiere ntawm "Lub neej rau Tsar" tshwm sim rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 27, 1836. V. Odoevsky ua nws tsaug. Emperor Nicholas Kuv qhia Glinka nrog ib lub nplhaib rau 4000 rubles. Ob peb lub hlis tom qab ntawd nws tau tsa nws ua tus neeg xyuas tsev. Nyob rau hauv 1839 rau ntau yam vim Glinka resigns. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov tswv yim tsim muaj kev tsim txiaj. Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich tau sau cov ncauj lus xws li: "Saib Hmo Hmo Rov Qab", "Northern Star", ib qho ntxiv ntawm "Ivan Susanin". Nws yog txais rau ib tug tshiab Opera ntawm lub cuab ntxhiab ntawm "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila" nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm Shakhovsky. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj 1839, nws tau sib yuav nws tus poj niam. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm nws lub neej nrog lub "kwv tij" (1839-1841) tsim ib tug series ntawm romances. Opera "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila" yog qhov kev tshwm sim ntev-ntev, cov khoom tau txais yuav ua ntej. Lub premiere coj qhov chaw 27.11.1842. Txoj kev vam meej yog staggering. Tom qab 53 ua yeeb yam, lub opera ceased staged. Tus composer txiav txim siab tias nws brainchild yog underestimated, thiab nws yog apathetic. Creativity Glinka tshem tawm rau ib xyoos.

Taug kev mus rau lub tebchaws

Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1843 nws tau taug kev los ntawm Yelemees mus rau Paris, nyob qhov twg nws tseem nyob txog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1844.

Txais cov qub qub, yog phooj ywg nrog Berlioz. Glinka tau zoo siab nrog nws tej hauj lwm. Nws kawm nws txoj haujlwm. Nyob hauv Paris, nws tswj kev sib raug zoo nrog Merimee, Hertz, Chateonf thiab ntau lwm cov nkauj thiab sau ntawv. Tom qab ntawd nws tuaj xyuas Spain, nws nyob rau ob xyoos. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Andalusia, Granada, Valladolid, Madrid, Pamplona, Segovia. Nws sau "Aragon Hotu". Ntawm no nws rests ntawm cov teeb meem Petersburg nyuaj. Taug kev los ntawm Spain, Mikhail Ivanovich sau pej xeem nkauj thiab seev cev, sau lawv cia rau hauv ib phau ntawv. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm "Hmo ntuj nyob rau hauv Madrid". Ntawm Glinka tsab ntawv nws yuav pom tseeb tias nyob rau hauv Spain nws yog so lub siab thiab tus ntsuj plig, ntawm no nws nyob zoo heev.

Xyoo tas los ntawm lub neej

Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1847 nws rov qab los rau nws teb chaws. Muaj qee lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv Novospassky. Lub tswv yim ntawm Mikhail Glinka nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no yog rov ua dua nrog renewed vigor. Nws sau ntau piano pieces, tus romance "Koj yuav tsis nco qab kuv" thiab lwm tus. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1848, nws tau mus rau Warsaw thiab nyob ntawm no mus txog thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo zeeg. Nws sau rau lub orchestra "Kamarinskaya", "Hmo ntuj hauv Madrid", romances. Nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj 1848 nws tau tuaj rau hauv Petersburg, qhov twg nws mob tag nrho lub caij ntuj no.

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1849 nws rov mus rau Warsaw thiab nyob ntawm no mus txog thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg ntawm 1851. Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj ntawm lub xyoo no, nws poob mob, tom qab txais xov xwm tu siab ntawm nws niam tuag. Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj hlis, nws rov qab los rau hauv Petersburg, nyob nrog nws tus muam L. Shestakova. Nws sau tsis tshua muaj neeg pom. Nyob rau hauv May 1852 nws mus rau Paris thiab nyob ntawm no mus txog lub Tsib Hlis 1854. Los ntawm 1854-1856 nws nyob rau hauv Petersburg nrog nws tus muam. Nws yog fond ntawm Lavxias teb sab singer D. Leonova. Rau nws concerts nws tsim kev npaj. Lub Plaub Hlis 27, 1856 nws tau mus rau Berlin, qhov chaw nws nyob hauv lub zej zog nrog Den. Txhua txhua hnub nws tuaj xyuas nws thiab saib xyuas cov chav kawm hauv ib txoj kev nruj. Creativity MI Glinka yuav ua mus ntxiv. Tab sis nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 9, 1857, nws ntes tau txias. Lub Ob Hlis 3, Mikhail Ivanovich tuag.

Dab tsi yog qhov innovation ntawm Glinka?

Tus Glinka Glinka tsim lub Lavxias style hauv kev kos duab. Nws yog tus thawj composer hauv Russia uas txuas nrog cov suab paj nruas khoom nrog nkauj nkauj (Lavxias teb sab pej xeem suab paj nruag) (qhov kev txhawj xeeb suab paj nruag, kev sib haum xeeb, kev lom zem thiab kev sib thooj). Kev muaj tswv yim ntawm cov neeg txawj sau ntawv Glinka muaj cov qauv zoo li lub tswv yim zoo li no. Qhov no yog nws cov suab paj nruag pej xeem suab paj nruag "Lub neej rau Tsar", tus epic opera "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila." Raws li ib qho piv txwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab symphonic style, koj tuaj yeem hu ua "Kamarinskaya", "Prince Kholmsky", tshaj tawm thiab cuam tshuam rau nws cov yeeb yam. Nws romances yog cov qauv duab zoo heev ntawm lyrically thiab dramatically expressed nkauj. Glinka yog rightfully suav hais tias yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub ntiaj teb tseem ceeb.

Symphonic creativity

Rau symphonic orchestra, tus neeg sau phau ntawv tsim muaj tsawg tus ua haujlwm. Tiam sis lawv lub luag haujlwm nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag kos duab tau ua pov thawj tseem ceeb heev uas lawv raug suav tias yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Lavxias teb sab symphonism. Zoo tag nrho rau cov dab neeg ntawm fantasy los yog one-parted overtures. "Aragon Hota", "Waltz-Fantasy", "Kamarinskaya", "Prince Kholmsky" thiab "Hmo ntuj hauv Madrid" yog Glinka txoj kev ua yeeb yam. Composer nteg tshiab cov qauv kev txhim kho.

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev ua yeeb yam ntsiag to:

• Muaj Txaus.
• Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev kawm dav dav.
• Uniqueness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
• Compression, conciseness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
• Kev pom zoo ntawm cov tswv yim zoo nkauj.

Symphonic creativity Glinka ntse piav P. Tchaikovsky, muab piv rau "Kamarinskaya" nrog ntoo qhib thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Thiab nws nyuab siab tias nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm muaj ib tug tag nrho Lavxias teb sab symphonic tsev kawm ntawv.

Opera Legacy ntawm tus composer

"Ivan Susanin" ("Lub neej rau Tsar") thiab "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila" ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm Glinka. Thawj cov yeeb yaj kiab yog yeeb yaj kiab yeeb yaj kiab pej xeem. Nws yog intertwined nrog ntau lwm yam. Firstly, nws yog ib qhov kev ua yeeb yam phab ntsa (zaj dab neeg yog raws li cov xwm txheej keeb kwm ntawm 1612). Secondly, nws muaj cov nta ntawm cov epic opera, lyric-psychological thiab pej xeem suab paj nruas ua yeeb yam. Yog hais tias "Ivan Susanin" tseem European qauv, ces "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila" yog ib tug tshiab hom kev ua yeeb yam - epic.

Nws tau sau tseg rau xyoo 1842. Cov neeg tuaj saib yuav tsis txaus siab rau nws, nws tsis to taub rau feem coob. V. Stasov yog ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam uas pom nws qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua yeeb yam thoob plaws tebchaws Lavxias. Nws nyuab siab tias qhov no tsis yog ib qho ua tsis tseem ceeb, nws yog ib hom yeeb yam tshiab, tsis paub meej. Nta ntawm lub opera "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila":

• Kev qeeb qeeb qeeb.
• Kev tsis sib haum xeeb.
• Romantic tiam sis - yeeb yuj thiab yeeb yam.

Romances thiab nkauj

Vocal creativity ntawm Glinka tau tsim los ntawm tus thaij tshuab thoob plaws nws lub neej. Nws tau sau ntau tshaj 70 zaj nkauj. Lawv muaj kev xav ntau yam: kev hlub, kev tu siab, kev xav ntawm sab ntsuj plig, zoo siab, chim siab, thiab lwm yam. Glinka yuav raug txhua hom kev txav sab. Qhov no txhiab, "Lavxias teb sab Song" Serenade, Elegy. Nws npog li niaj hnub kev lom zem li waltz, polka thiab mazurka. Tus composer puv rau lwm yam uas yog yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab paj nruag ntawm lwm haiv neeg. Qhov no yog ib qho Barcarole Italian thiab Mev Mev. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm romances yog ntau ntau: peb feem, yooj yim nqe, complex, rondo. Vocal creativity ntawm Glinka muaj cov ntawv nyeem ntawm nees nkaum paj huam. Nws tswj kev qhia hauv cov qauv suab paj nruag ntawm cov lus hais ntawm txhua tus neeg sau. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev nthuav ntau zaj nkauj yog lub suab nrov ntawm kev ua pa. Lub luag haujlwm loj yog ua si los ntawm lub piano. Zoo li txhua tus neeg muaj kev ntseeg tau muaj kev sib txuas lus, uas tau nkag rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab teeb tsa lub siab xav. Zoo heev-paub yog Glinka lub nkauj raws li:

• "Nyob rau hauv cov ntshav hlawv cov hluav taws uas muaj siab."
• "Skylark".
• "Kev nyiam zaj nkauj".
• "Tsaug".
• "Kuv nco txog lub sijhawm zoo."
• "Tsis txhob ntxias."
• "Koj yuav tsis nco qab kuv sai sai."
• "Tsis txhob hais tias lub plawv mob."
• "Tsis txhob hu nkauj, zoo nkauj, nrog kuv."
• "Vocabulary."
• "Hmo rov los saib dua."
• "Recollection."
• "Rau nws."
• "Kuv nyob ntawm no, Inesilia."
• "Ah, koj yog hmo ntuj los yog hmo ntuj?"
• "Nyob rau hauv ib feeb ntawm lub neej nyuaj."

Kev siv cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Glinka (luv luv)

Tus piv txwv tshaj plaws ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia ua yeeb yam yog ib txoj hauj lwm loj rau tus piano thiab txoj hlua quas ntawm Glinka. Qhov no yog ib qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas muaj raws li qhov paub zoo tias Opera Bellini "Somnambula". Cov tswv yim tshiab thiab cov dej num yog cov cim hauv ob chav qhuj qhua: lub "Big Sextet" thiab "Pathetical Trio". Thiab txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm qhov kev vam khom nyob rau ntawm Italian kev lig kev cai yog xav, lawv yog cov qub heev thiab thawj. Nyob rau hauv "Sextet" muaj ntau lub suab paj nruag, pab thematicism, ib daim ntawv me me. No khaub ncaws ntau kev hais kwv txhiaj hom. Nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm, Glinka sim qhia qhov kev zoo nkauj ntawm Italian xwm. "Trio" yog qhov tsis txaus siab kiag ntawm thawj cov khaub ncaws ntau. Nws tus cwj pwm yog tu siab heev thiab txhawj xeeb.

Chav suab paj nruag ntawm Glinka zoo heev rau kev ua yeeb yam repertoire ntawm violinists, pianists, players viola, pleev xim rau. Chamber ensembles nyiam mloog nrog cov extraordinary qhov tob ntawm kev xav suab paj nruag, ntau yam ntawm cov suab atherosclerosis, lub naturalness ntawm melodic ua pa.

Xaus

Lub suab paj nruag creativity ntawm Glinka combines qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob sab Europe nrog lub teb chaws kab lig kev cai. Ib theem tshiab nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov suab paj nruag kos duab yog txuam nrog lub npe ntawm tus composer, uas yog hu ua "classical." Creativity Glinka npog ntau hom yeeb yam uas tau muab lawv qhov chaw hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag thiab tsim nyog mloog ntawm cov neeg mloog thiab cov neeg tshawb xyuas. Txhua yam ntawm nws tus yeeb yam qhib ib hom yeeb yam tshiab. "Ivan Susanin" yog yeeb yaj kiab yeeb yaj kiab pej xeem, ua ke nrog ntau yam nta. "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila" yog ib yam ua yeeb yam rau cov tsis muaj suab npe. Nws muaj kev ywj siab thiab ua siab ntev. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog nyob rau xim thiab kos duab. Nws tus yeeb yam tau pom zoo tseem ceeb, raws li lawv tiag tiag ua rau cov txheej txheem heroic ntawm yav dhau los. Symphonic tej hauj lwm sau me ntsis. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis tuaj yeem hnov cov neeg mloog, tab sis kuj yog los ua ib qho khoom muaj nqis tiag thiab lub hauv paus ntawm Lavxias teb sab symphonism, txij li thaum lawv tau cov yeeb yam zoo kawg nkaus.

Tus composer lub suab ua haujlwm tag nrho txog 70 txoj haujlwm. Lawv yog cov tag nrho adorable thiab adorable. Lawv pom kev txawv txav, kev xav thiab lub luag haujlwm. Lawv muaj kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb. Tus composer puv rau ntau hom thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Raws li kev ua hauj lwm hauv chamber, lawv kuj yog tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv txoj haujlwm tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Lawv tau ua tiav qhov kev ua yeeb yam nrog cov qauv tshiab thiab tsim nyog.