Arnold Schoenberg: biography thiab ua hauj lwm luv luv, cov duab

Arnold Schoenberg, muaj tswv yim nyuag uas yuav piav raws li txoj kev, nyob ib qho interesting thiab sij hawm uas tseem lub neej. Nws nkag mus hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov suab paj nruag raws li ib tug revolutionary uas tau ua kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, tsim nws tus kheej lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov suab paj nruag, tshuav ib qho interesting cuab yeej cuab tam thiab ib tug tag nrho galaxy ntawm cov thwjtim. Arnold Schoenberg - ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj composers ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.

Childhood thiab Tsev Neeg

Cuaj hlis 13, 1874 nyob rau hauv Vienna, twb yug los Arnold Schoenberg, uas nws biography yuav tsis yooj yim, tab sis nws yog ib txwm muaj feem xyuam rau cov suab paj nruag. Schoenberg tsev neeg nyob rau hauv ib lub Jewish ghetto. Leej Txiv - Xamuyee Schoenberg - yug nyob rau hauv Pressburg, kuv muaj ib tug me me khau khw. Niam - Pauline Nachod - ib tug neeg uas Prague, yog ib tug xib fwb ntawm piano. Arnold yog ib tug ib txwm thaum yau, muaj tsis muaj tej yam tshwm sim ntawm nws kuj zoo kawg lawm yav tom ntej.

Nrhiav vocations

Los ntawm ib tug thaum ntxov muaj hnub nyoog nws niam pib qhia cov suab paj nruag ntawm Arnold, nws muab kev cia siab. Tab sis cov txhais tau tias mus ntxiv lawv txoj kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg tsis yog. Nws kawm qhov kev kawm ntawm nws tus kheej-muaj pes tsawg leeg. Ib tug ob peb zaj lus qhia counterpoint muab nws nyob rau hauv-txoj cai, tus naas ej Austrian composer thiab neeg xyuas pib, uas Muam Shenberga Matilda sib yuav - Alexander von Zemlinsky. Musicians yog phooj ywg zoo heev, ib sim neej tseem minded thiab feem ntau pab txhua lwm yam tswv yim rau lub kos duab ntawm kev sib cav. Nws yog xav kom Zemlinsky colleague los ua ib tug kev txawj sau ntawv ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Lub neej yav tom ntej composer Arnold Schoenberg raws li ib tug tub hluas keenly paub tias nws txoj hauj lwm, thiab txawm qhov kev tshwm sim twb tsis nyob rau hauv nws haum, muab tag nrho nws lub sij hawm spare rau suab paj nruag.

Pib ntawm kev ua hauj lwm

Cov tsev neeg nyob ib tug muaj nyiaj lub neej, thiab thaum twg nws tus txiv tuag lawm, thaum Arnold yog 15, thiab nws tau los ua nyuaj heev. Cov tub hluas ntxhais txiv neej yuav tsum tau noj nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm. Arnold Schoenberg ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug bank ntawv, peddler yuav coj cov neeg ua hauj lwm choirs, sau orchestrations rau operettas. Tab sis nws tsis tso tseg nws kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm spare nws sau tau nws tus kheej tej hauj lwm. Twb tau nyob rau 1898 nyob rau hauv Vienna rau cov thawj lub sij hawm yuav ua hauj lwm los ntawm Schoenberg los ntawm lub scene. Nyob rau hauv 1901 nws tau mus rau Berlin, qhov twg nws ua suab paj nruag nyob rau conservatory Nyaum nws txawm ua rau yus tus muaj pes tsawg leeg cov hoob kawm.

Thaum lub sij hawm no nws los ua ntsib nrog Gustavom Malerom, uas muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem rau lub xaav ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm Schoenberg. Nyob rau hauv 1903 nws rov qab mus rau Vienna thiab pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws tswj kom sau music nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no, nws yog pab nyob rau hauv kev lig kev cai ntawm lub German tsev kawm ntawv ntawm composers ntawm lub caij puv 19 xyoo pua. Qhov loj tshaj ua hauj lwm ntawm no theem yog: txoj hlua sextet "hloov Hmo ntuj" paj huam "Pelleas thiab Melisande" (1902-1903 gg.), Tus cantata "Songs Gurria" (1900-1911 gg.). Arnold Schoenberg differed ib tug zoo peev xwm rau kev ua hauj lwm, thaum pib ntawm txoj kev, nws qhia nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws sau cov suab paj nruag, muab concerts.

Biography thiab suab paj nruag

Nyob rau hauv Schoenberg lub composer tej hauj lwm yog peb lub sij hawm: laus (los ntawm 1898 mus 1908), atonal (1909-1922 gg.) Thiab dodecaphony (txij li thaum 1923). Evolution tshuab raj txuas rau nws nrhiav rau ib tug tshiab txoj kev thiab ib tug tshiab qhia. Nws txoj hmoo yog txuas thawj nrog expressionism, los ntawm uas nws tom qab ua rau nws revolutionary discoveries. Kom txog rau thaum 1907 Schoenberg tsiv nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog cov tus tsoos classical music. Tab sis xyoo no muaj ib tug tshaj dhau hloov nyob rau hauv nws artistic ntiaj teb no, nws xav tias ib tug ntau yam txog music, sau tau ib theoretical ua hauj lwm. Muaj yog ib tug mob nws cov suab paj nruas lus, nce yees rau dissonance, tab sis tseem khaws cov tsoos sib raug zoo.

Thiab nyob rau hauv 1909, nws pib ib tug tshiab puag ncig ntawm nws lub neej. Nyob rau hauv 1911, Arnold Schoenberg, uas nws biography yog muaj zog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no lub suab paj nruag, mus rov qab mus rau Berlin, qhov twg rau 4 xyoo ncig teb chaws raws li ib tug neeg xyuas pib. By lub sij hawm no nws twb paub zoo tias tshuab raj nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv 1915, lub composer rau ob lub xyoos nais tau sau tseg rau hauv cov tub rog. Qhov no lub sij hawm yog yus atonal Tone rejection ntawm kev ua hauj lwm qhov chaw Schoenberg 12 sim Attendance thov laus chromatic scale. Nyob rau hauv 1923 nws tau txais lub npe ntawm xib fwb ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab tau caw ib tug mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau Berlin Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Music. Nrog cov tuaj rau lub hwj chim ntawm lub Nazis nyob rau hauv 1933, Schoenberg tso los ntawm lub Conservatory, thiab nws, yuav tsum ntshai ntxiv kev tsim txom, raws li ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg Yudais lub teb chaws, mus txawv teb chaws. Ua ntej nws mus rau Fabkis, thiab tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States.

Qhov thib peb lub sij hawm ntawm lub composer cim nws loj discoveries. Nws pib gravitate mus rau lub kuab lub koom haum ntawm cov suab paj nruas series, lub compositions yog ua ntawm lub kaum ob tones uas tsis pheej rov qab ua nyob rau hauv tib yam kab. Yog li ntawd, yog ib tug dodecaphonic music. Nyob rau hauv Shengberga hauj lwm siab muaj kev cuam tshuam lub era, tag nrho cov kev hloov, raws li zoo raws li nws subjective xav kev.

kev tshawb xav ntawm cov suab paj nruag

Lub composer yeej ib txwm sim tswj hauv daim ntawv thiab txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia tawm ntawm nws lub suab seev, los feem ntau tsis nco qab li. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho nws cov landmark yaam puab paub thiab reflections tau hais ntawm loj scientific ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1911, Arnold Schoenberg sau nws thawj thawj loj theoretical ua hauj lwm "Cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev sib raug zoo." Twb tau nyob rau nws, nws tau sau tseg nws lub tswv yim txog lub tonal kev sib raug zoo, uas yog tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau nws tag nrho nws lub neej. Phau ntawv no tau ua tus tsuas siab ua kom tiav hauj lwm ntawm lub composer. Tom qab ntawd, nws yuav siv sij hawm li sau ntawv ob peb tej hauj lwm nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lossi kho thiab appends lawv, thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej, lawv tsis luam tawm.

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1994 ua hauj lwm tawm nyob rau hauv lub teeb, ua ke mus rau hauv ib lub ntim - "Kev sib raug zoo, counterpoint, orchestration, cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm daim ntawv no." Cov reflections rau cov suab paj nruas logic thiab xav txog cov orchestration ntawm kev npaj ce nyob rau hauv counterpoint thiab twb tsis ua kom tiav los ntawm tus sau ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg, tab sis qhia cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv uas yog nws cov kev tshawb fawb. "Fundamentals ntawm cov suab paj nruas pes tsawg leeg" tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub lig 20th xyoo pua masters menyuam kawm ntawv. Arnold Schoenberg ua ib tug tseem ceeb pab rau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov suab paj nruag, nws muaj peev xwm mus saib tau tus evolution ntawm cov suab paj nruas xav thiab cia siab tias nws txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv nws sau, Schoenberg qhia rau lub sam xeeb ntawm cov khoom, cov kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug suab paj nruas lub tswv yim thiab los rau lub tswv yim monotonalnosti.

Educational kev ua si

Composer neej koom nyob rau hauv kev qhia ntawv - thawj hauv tsev kawm ntawv, ces nyob rau hauv lub conservatory nyob rau hauv Berlin. Nyob rau hauv exile, nws ua hauj lwm nyob Boston University, yav qab teb California, Los Angeles, qhia suab paj nruag kev tshawb xav thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Arnold Schoenberg tsim ib tug tag nrho lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm composers, uas lub npe hu ua "Ob txhais Viennese tsev kawm ntawv". Nws raug coj mus los ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm kev pab rau cov suab paj nruag, nws tsis qhia lawv rau nruj me ntsis raws li nws tus yam ntxwv, thiab nrhiav kev tsuas yog lawv tus kheej txoj kev nyob rau hauv kos duab. Nws zoo tshaj plaws cov tub ntxhais kawm xam tau tias yog A. Berg thiab Anton Webern, uas mus txog thaum kawg tseem ncaj ncees rau nws lub tswv yim thiab muaj zog ywj siab composers tsim nyog ntawm lawv cov xib fwb. Schoenberg coj tag nrho cov suab paj nruas kawm, nrog rau kev qhia ntau txog on polyphony, uas yog suav hais tias yog lub hauv paus ntawm zoo. Nrog nws cov thwj tim composer txuas ntxiv mus zoo INTERACTIONS thiab tom qab lawv tso tawm, nws yog lawv unquestioned txoj cai. Qhov no yog dab tsi tau tso cai rau nws mus ua ib lub galaxy ntawm like-minded neeg.

Dodecaphony Arnolda Shenberga

Arnold Schoenberg, ib tug luv luv biography uas yuav tsum tau piav nyob rau hauv ib lo lus "dodecaphony", tau los ua tus ideologue thiab propagandist rau ib tug tshiab kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv nws cov kev tshawb fawb rau feem ntau yig suab paj nruas sau ntawv lub composer los rau lub tswv yim ntawm 12-laus muaj pes tsawg leeg system. Qhov no discovery ua rau cov composer re-kawm compose music, nws yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov xyaum nrog daim ntawv no, tab tom nrhiav rau qheb tshiab rau lawv zvukochastotnogo txoj kev.

Fundamentals ntawm tshiab technology nws sim rau piano daim, uas hais tias ib tug ntau. Tom qab ntawd, nws mus txog rau lub creation ntawm loj tej hauj lwm (suites, quartets, orchestras) nyob rau hauv lub tshiab style. Nws discoveries radically pab cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th. Nws lub tswv yim, uas nws yog tsis siab tsim, tau khaws cov thwjtim, tsim, zoo tag nrho, tej zaum mus qaug. Nws pab mus rau cov suab paj nruag manifested nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib lub dag zog rau khiav cov suab paj nruas daim ntawv.

ntsiab hauj lwm

Arnold Schoenberg tshuav ib tug loj loj suab paj nruas txojsia. Tab sis nws tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm yog cov tsis tas ua opera "Mauxe thiab Aloo," lub tswv yim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th thiab embodied tag nrho cov evolution thiab cov kev tshawb fawb rau cov composer. Nyob rau hauv Schoenberg lub opera embodies tag nrho nws cov philosophical outlook, tag nrho nws lub ntsuj plig. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb mus rau lub composer tej hauj lwm muaj xws li: "Chamber Symphony", Op. 9, opera "muaj hmoo tes", 5 Piano Tej daim, Op. 23, "Ode rau Napoleon".

Tej lub neej

Arnold Schoenberg, uas nws cov duab yuav pom niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag, nyob ib tibneeg hu tauj coob lub neej. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus music, nws yog tibneeg hu tauj coob painting, nws ua hauj lwm tau tshaaj nyob rau hauv loj qhov nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Nws yog ib tug phooj ywg ntawm Kokoschka, Kandinsky, yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Prussian Academy of Arts. Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej, nws tau sau hais txog 300 tej hauj lwm.

Arnold Schoenberg sib yuav rau cov thawj lub sij hawm heev thaum ntxov, rau nws nyob rau hauv 1898 los ua ib tug Protestant. Tus poj niam lav rau nws, mus rau nws tus hlub, tab sis, ces rov qab mus rau lub tsev neeg, thiab nws tus hluas nraug tau cog lus yus tua yus. Nws tus poj niam Matilda tuag nyob rau hauv 1923, thiab nws xaus lawm tas turbulent sij hawm ntawm lub composer tus kheej lub neej. Ib xyoo tom qab nws sib yuav tus muam ntawm lub violinist thiab kaj siab lug nyob nrog nws rau tus so ntawm lub neej. Nyob rau hauv 1933 nws txiav txim siab rov qab mus rau Judaism, thiab dhau qhov tsim nyog rite nyob rau hauv Paris tsev pe hawm.

Ntshai Arnolda Shenberga

Composer ntse heev, ua lej, tab sis kuj irrational hauv paus ntsiab lus yog alien rau nws. nws lub neej tag nrho chasing coj txawv txawv kev ntshai thiab misgivings. Yuav ua li cas yog ua luaj ntshai composer Arnold Schoenberg? Nws muaj ib tug tsawg phobia - nws txhawj heev ntawm qhov pom ntawm 13. Nws twb yug los rau hauv xov tooj, ib tug lub neej tsis txhob tsev thiab chav tsev so nyob rau hauv no daim duab. Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi ntshai Arnold Schoenberg nws thiaj li? Cov zauv? Tsis yog, ntawm cov hoob kawm nws yog ntshai kev tuag. Nws paub tias nws yuav tuag rau hauv lub 13th ntawm hais tias daim duab 76 - amounting mus rau 13 - yuav coj nws txoj kev tuag. Tag nrho cov xyoo nws yavtom ntej 76th lub hnub yug, nws mus nyob hauv kev, kom txog rau thaum muaj ib hnub mus pw nrog certainty hais tias kev tuag yuav tuaj rau nws hnub no. Nws siv tag nrho cov hnub nyob rau hauv txaj, tos rau lub xeem teev. Los ntawm nightfall, tus poj niam puas cia thiab yuam nws mus tsis txhob ua ruam thiab tej yam uas tau tawm ntawm txaj. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 13 feeb ua ntej ib tag hmo, nws hais tias lo lus "kev sib raug zoo" thiab sab laug lub ntiaj teb no. Yog li ntawd, Lub Xya hli ntuj 13, 1951 lub ntiaj teb no poob ib tug zoo kawg composer.