ABP tswvyim. ATS (automatic cia tswv yim) generator

Nyob rau hauv lub qub hwj chim hom, lub hwj chim lub tuam txhab thiab lub zog muab yog coj mus rau qhov chaw ntawm nws siv. Thaum lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm nws tsis tu tsis tseg mus ua hauj lwm, lub hwj chim ntawm lub thib ob network tswv yim los yog standby generator yuav tsum tau siv rau manually los yog txiav noj mus rau lub load, uas yog ib daim duab ATS (automatic hloov lwm lub tsev). Nws lub ntsiab hauj lwm yog cov redistribution ntawm lub hwj chim los ntawm hauv daim phiaj yuav tus thaub qab fais fab mov.

III-rd qeb ntawm lub hwj chim mov cia siab rau

Raws li yog lub npe hu, nqi hluav taws xob tuam txhab uas muag qhia tag nrho cov ntawm lawv cov neeg muas zaub, uas yog. E. Cov neeg (raws li txoj cai thiab lub cev), uas lawv nkag mus rau hauv cov ntawv cog lus rau cov mov ntawm hluav taws xob mus rau hauv peb pawg raws li cov neeg kawm ntawv muaj kev cia siab ntawm hluav taws xob mov. Lub qis tshaj kev ntseeg tau nyob rau hauv lub thib peb qeb. Tej zog cov neeg muas zaub los muab tsuas yog ib qho peb-theem tswv yim voltage 6 los yog 10 kV (tej zaum 400) los yog ib leeg-theem tswv yim 230 los ntawm ib tug mov substation, tab sis tus nqi ntawm load kev twb kev txuas mus rau lub network rau pawg no tsawg kawg nkaus - cia li nruab ib tug yooj yim one-transformer pob transformer substations thiab txuas mus rau uas ze tshaj plaws nyiaj siv ua haujlwm kab kis tau tus mob.

Kuv puas yuav tau III-rd qeb ABP tswvyim?

PUE yog raug mus rau lub hwj chim ntawm xws li ib tug tswvyim, Yog hais tias lub hwj huam mov guarantee rov qab tom qab tsawg feempua sibtsoo ua rau tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ib hnub. Thiab yog hais tias nws tsis yog? Ces nuzhet theem nrab fais fab mov, uas yog feem ntau yog protrudes ib tug roj av los yog diesel-unit generator. Nyob rau hauv lub qub hnub, tau txais kev pab yog manually txuas lawv loads mus rau lawv thiab launched lawv mus rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Tab sis raws li cov automation ntawm cov khoom no originated lub peev xwm los ua lawv pib tsis muaj kev pab tib neeg.

Thiab yog hais tias koj muaj peev xwm pib tau lub diesel generator cia, cia li raws li nws yog tau thiab txuas mus rau tus neeg load. Thiab originated cov niaj hnub tswvyim dvuhvvodnogo ABP, lub circuitry uas, hauv qab no, yog twb ua ib tug private lub tsev qhov hluav taws xob txheem.

II-nd qeb: Yog nws yuav tsum ABP

Yog hais tias tus neeg txiav txim rau lub ob network tswv yim muaj hwj chim, nws nkag mus rau twb nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no qeb - lub thib ob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub zog feem ntau yuav tsum tau cov neeg muas zaub them rau qhov kev siv ntawm ob-transformer substation. Nyob rau hauv lub nyuaj embodiment nws muaj ob lub tsheb npav khej (qhov no yog cia li txhuas los yog, nyob zoo, tooj liab ib daim hlab) high voltage nrog nws cov ntsiab mus, rau txhua yam uas yog txuas tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov high-voltage bushings (6 los yog 10 kV). Ntawm seem pov tseg thiaj hu ua sectional mus. Yog hais tias nws yog qhib, lub siab voltage tswv yim thov kom peb txhua pub tsuas yog ib transformer (feem ntau cov chaw ua hauj lwm tsuas yog ib tug ntawm ob, lub thib ob yog nyob rau hauv cia - thiab nws kuj yog ib tug raug yuav tsum tau fais fab). Thaum lub sij hawm fais fab tuag rau ntawm ib qho ntawm cov inputs, hluav taws xob neeg yuav manually pab kom cov seem mus thiab thov tus load rau hauv lub transformer yog lossi ua hauj lwm nrog rau lwm cov high-voltage input.

Tej kev pab no yog, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tsis tas yuav muaj cov ATS. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum kawg, lub zog feem ntau muab lawv rau nruab lawv nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ob-transformer substations rau cov uas tsis muaj voltage sab. Xws li ib tug ntaub thaiv npog ABP muaj ob tug cov tswv yim los ntawm cov uas tsis muaj voltage windings ntawm transformers ntawm txawv (nkawd ob leeg yuav tsum tau energized, tab sis yog loaded thaum twg muab lub sij hawm tsuas yog ib qho ntawm lawv) thiab ib tug tso zis rau ib tug tsawg voltage tsheb thauj mus los uas yog kev cob cog rua tag nrho cov loads.

I-st qeb - ATS yuav tsum tau

Tab sis yog hais tias tus neeg txais kev pab yog tsis txaus siab, nyob rau hauv tus, lub sij hawm ncua nyob rau hauv phau ntawv switching ntawm inputs, ces nws muaj rau tas siv ATS thiab tsiv mus nyob rau tom ntej no qeb ntawm lub hwj chim mov cia siab rau - ua ntej. Nyob rau hauv lub nyuaj embodiment, ib tug schematic daim duab ntawm lub ATS yuav comprise ob nkag ntawm lub tib ob seem ntawm lub high-voltage substations, tsheb thauj mus thiab lub hwj chim switching seem mus (feem ntau yog lub tshuab nqus tsev). Yog hais tias lub mov voltage disappears rau lub tswv yim, nws disables lub automatic lub ntsiab hloov thiab muaj xws li sectional. Tom qab ntawd, lub neej coj lub tsheb npav voltage nkag los ntawm tus thib ob lub tswv yim. ABP ob tswv yim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tej zaum yuav tsim nyob rau qhov uas tsis muaj-voltage substations, raws li tau piav saum toj no.

Tab sis tau txais kev pab ntawm I-st qeb PUE qhia qhov thiaj li hu ua tshwj xeeb cov pab pawg nyob rau hauv uas ob network inputs yog tsis txaus lub hwj chim, tab sis mas nws xav tau ib tug thib peb cia cov tswv yim ua feem ntau yog los ntawm ib tug diesel generator. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub ATS yuav tsum tau ntawm 3 cov tswv yim. Scheme nws yog ua nyob rau ntawm tsawg voltage.

Yuav ua li cas puas muaj tus ATS unit nrog lub generator tswv yim

Tsis ntev los no nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam ntau heev uas tsis siv neeg thaub qab li nrog cov kev tswj microprocessor xws li. Heev nrov nyob rau hauv no hais txog nyiam upravlyuschie relay controllers Series Ib qho yooj yim Moeller tuam txhab ntau lawm. Ntsuam xyuas cov voltage Pib ntsais koj teeb ntawm sensors, lub microcontroller no ib lub hwj chim tsis ua hauj lwm thiab initiates lub pib txheej txheem ntawm lub engine generator (feem ntau yog synchronous). Sai li sai tau raws li nws nce mus txog tus nyob voltage thiab zaus ntawm cov kev tswj system keyboards rau nws cov neeg load. Los ntawm lub standpoint ntawm hluav taws xob kev twb kev txuas Circuit Court ATS thiab lub luag hauj lwm rau hnyav loads nws yog ib tug theej complex teeb meem, txij li thaum lub sij hawm ncua yog inevitable, thiab lwm yam kev teeb meem hamper lub instantaneous tau txais hwj chim thaub qab.

Control zaus thiab voltage

Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab zog ntawm cov ATS ntaus ntawv yog mus ntes ib tug voltage nco los yog tiav disappearance ntawm lub ntsiab fais fab qhov chaw. Feem ntau, tag nrho cov saib xyuas theem mains sab los ntawm ib tug undervoltage relay (relay tswj theem). tsis ua hauj lwm point yog txiav txim los ntawm lub voltage nco qab no qhov tsawg kawg nkaus rau ntawm ib yam ntawm cov theem. Qhia txog ntawm tus voltage thiab zaus yog kis tau mus rau lub ATS vaj huam sib luag, uas txhais tau continuation ntawm mov loads. Cov pub yam tsawg kawg nkaus voltage thiab zaus yuav tsum tau yuav kov yeej ua ntej switching loads powered los ntawm ib tug backup generator, lub hwj chim uas yuav tsum tau muab nws.

Cov yooj yim lub sij hawm ncua

ABP tswvyim feem ntau muaj ib tug broad tseem yuav tau kho qhov kev ncua ntawm nws lub sij hawm teb. Qhov no yog ib tug tsim nyog muaj nuj nqi rau cov tseem nyem los ntawm unjustified disconnection ntawm lub ntsiab fais fab qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm luv luv nws ua txhaum. Feem ntau lub sij hawm ncua override tej luv luv mus txawv tebchaws nyob rau hauv thiaj li tsis mus ua ruaj launches tsav motors thiab generators switching loads nyob rau hauv lawv. Qhov no ncua yog nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 0 mus rau 6 lub vib nas this, ib tug thib ob yog cov feem ntau ib tug. Nws yuav tsum luv luv tab sis txaus mus txuas rau tus thaub qab hwj chim qhov twg los loads ntawm kev pab. Muaj ntau cov tuam txhab hnub no yog yuav haib uninterruptible khoom siv fais fab nyob rau hauv lub cia roj teeb, muab tsawg-latency kev twb kev txuas.

ntxiv qeeb

Tom qab es ua kom cov ntsiab mov, tej lub sij hawm ncua yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej txaus stability ntawm load rau nws lov tes taw nws los ntawm cov thaub qab hwj chim. Feem ntau, nws yog hom twg los ntawm xoom peb caug feeb. ATS generator yuav tsum tau bypass lub sij hawm ncua nyob rau hauv lub rov qab mus rau cov thawj qhov chaw, yog hais tias tus thaub qab tsis, thiab lub ntsiab ua hauj lwm dua li qub.

Qhov thib peb feem ntau ncua lub sij hawm muaj xws li lub sij hawm ntawm engine txias. Nyob rau hauv nws tshaj diesel-generator tswj system ntawm lwm yam uas lub mos txwv engine kom txog rau thaum nws nres.

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau, nws yog feem ntau ntshaw kom hloov mus rau ib standby generator load, ib zaug mus txog qhov tsim nyog voltage thiab zaus ntau ntau ntau. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tej lub sijhawm, thaum xaus neeg siv xav ib theem zuj zus rau hauv lub switching ntawm txawv loads nyob rau backup generator. Thaum yuav tsum tau, nqa tawm ob peb schemes rau lub ATS generator txhais nrog ib tug neeg lub sij hawm ncua, yog li ntawd lub load yuav kev cob cog rua rau lub generator nyob rau hauv tej yam kev txiav txim.

Executing cov tswv yim pab kiag li lawm schemes cia

Qhov kawg ntawm qhov suav hais tias cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm pab kiag li lawm yog tus switching hluav taws xob circuits, switching lawv los ntawm tus thawj rau lub standby cov tswv yim. Raws li sau tseg saum toj no, lub hwj chim substations ABP tswvyim yuav muab los siv ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lub siab thiab qis voltage. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj nws actuating ntsiab yog tsim high voltage keyboards. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob cov ntaub ntawv, thiab uas cov switching ntawm loads nyob rau hauv lub generator tswv yim switching yog tsawg voltage pab kiag li lawm.

Lawv yuav yog ib feem ntawm qhov ua daim hlau thaiv cov khoom (vaj huam sib luag) ABP, los yog tej zaum yuav sab nraud thereto thiab yog ib feem ntawm ib tug load Circuit Court fais fab mov. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub no nws yog tau siv magnetic actuators - nws siv rau pab kiag li lawm rau redundancy nrog non-industrial tau txais kev pab ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm lub loads txog li ob peb lub kaum kW. Rau ntau ntau daim ntawv Tuition Waiver siv ATS rau contactors. Tsav ntaus schematic tib nyob rau hauv ob leeg.

Tsawg-voltage lwm cov tswv yim pab kiag li lawm circuitry yog cia hwj chim Circuit Court tej fais fab nrog electromagnetic actuators. Khoom nta AVR ntaus ntawv yog txo nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no mus rau tsim thiab muab lawv tsim nyog rau / tawm Pib ntsais koj teeb.

Raug tsev AVR 3 cov tswv yim. Lub Circuit Court thiab lag luam algorithm

Nws yog npaj los siv rau ib tug tas mus mov ntim nrog voltage ntawm 0.4 kV peb hwj chim qhov chaw: ob peb theem mains mov thiab ib tug peb-theem diesel generator cov tswv yim. Cov thawj neeg ua hauj lwm yog cov Q1, Q2, thiab Q3 ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov bushings uas tiv thaiv lub load ntawm lub 1 qeb ntawm lub hwj chim mov cia siab rau.

Lub algorithm ntawm lub thaiv yog raws li nram no:

1. Nyob rau lub ntsiab tswv yim voltage muaj. Ces Q1 yog nyob rau thiab Q2 thiab Q3 yog muab tua.

2. Nyob rau lub ntsiab tswv yim voltage yog tsis tam sim no, tab sis nyob rau backup nws yog. Ces Q2 yog nyob rau thiab Q1 thiab Q3 yog muab tua.

3. Nyob rau lub ntsiab thiab standby inputs, muaj yog tsis muaj nro. Ces Q3 yog nyob rau thiab Q1 thiab Q2 yog muab tua.